Macroeconomic information and implied volatility: evidence from Australian index options

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Tanha ◽  
Michael Dempsey ◽  
Terrence Hallahan
Keyword(s):  
Implied Volatility ◽  
Return Distribution ◽  
Index Options ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
Macroeconomic Information ◽  
State Price ◽  
Macroeconomic Announcements ◽  
State Price Density ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to understand that option pricing is the response of option implied volatility (IV) to macroeconomic announcements. Design/methodology/approach – The authors use high-frequency data on ASX SPI 200 index options to examine the response of option IV, as well as higher moments of the underlying return distribution, to macroeconomic announcements. Additionally, the authors identify the response of the moments as a function of moneyness of the options. Findings – The findings suggest that in-the-money and out-of-the money options have difference characteristics in their responses, leading to the conclusion that heterogeneity in investor beliefs and preferences affect option IV through the state price density (SPD) function. Originality/value – The research contributes to the literature that examines whether IV captures the beliefs of market participants about the likelihood of future states together with the preferences of market participants towards these states. In particular, the authors relate changes in option IV to changes in macroeconomic announcements, through the impact of these announcements on the moments of the SPD function.

The impact of macroeconomic information releases on the smile shape

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Tanha ◽  
Michael Dempsey
Keyword(s):  
Implied Volatility ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Macroeconomic Information ◽  
Macroeconomic Announcements ◽  
Pricing Errors ◽  
Black Scholes ◽  
Investor Behaviour ◽  
Volatility Function ◽  
S Model ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to assign fair values to options reduces to the attempt to attribute correct implied volatilities. Here, the authors extend the study by Tanha et al. (2014) to determine the impact of macro economic announcements on the option smile. Design/methodology/approach – First, the authors estimate the implied volatility function in terms of moneyness. The authors next analyse the impact of macroeconomic announcements on the estimated coefficients (b 0, b 1, b 2) by regressing the coefficients on the macroeconomic announcements. Findings – The authors find that in-the-money options are sensitive to such announcements, but that out-of-the money options are not. This is consistent with the interpretation of investor behaviour from prospect theory. Originality/value – The systematic pricing errors that have been documented using the Black-Scholes model have stimulated attempts to improve the model predictions. The approach uses DVF model to improve the B-S model.

Corporate governance and value relevance of accounting information

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-262
Author(s):  
Hesham I. Almujamed ◽  
Mishari M. Alfraih
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Value Relevance ◽  
Accounting Information ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Board Size ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Book Value ◽  
Board Characteristics ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This paper aims to explore how the characteristics of the board of directors (BoD) shape earnings and book value information available to market participants. Design/methodology/approach The authors investigated the impact of board size, presence of non-executives and role duality as proxies of effective corporate governance on the value relevance of financial reporting for 178 firms on the Kuwait stock exchange in 2013. Regression analysis based on Ohlson’s (1995) valuation model was used to test hypotheses. Findings The authors found that board size was significantly associated with company value and that Kuwaiti firms with large boards increased the value-relevance of earnings and book value. The influence of role duality was positive although not significant. The presence of non-executives on the board had a negative correlation with market value (not significant). Research limitations/implications These findings deliver empirical support for the prediction that the characteristics of the BoD improve the value relevance of financial reporting. Limitations such as small sample size and one-year duration of the study did not negate the basic findings, however. Future studies will use larger samples, longer duration and additional board characteristics. Practical implications This study provides empirical support for the hypothesis that board size influences market valuation. This study may benefit managers, investors and other decision-makers. Originality/value This study delivers empirical evidence on the impact of board characteristics on the value relevance of accounting information. It will be useful for regulators and market participants monitoring the influence of board characteristics on the value relevance of accounting information.

The long run performance of secondary equity offerings on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1211-1232
Author(s):  
Jesse Alves da Cunha ◽  
Yudhvir Seetharam
Keyword(s):  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Operating Performance ◽  
Investor Sentiment ◽  
Seasoned Equity Offerings ◽  
Equity Offerings ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
Johannesburg Stock Exchange ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Opinions have been divided on whether there is a rational explanation to the reason behind seasoned equity offerings (SEOs) or whether the explanation lies within the behavioural intricacies attributed to stock market participants. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach This study investigates the long-run performance of firms conducting SEOs on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) over the period of 1998–2015, by examining the return performance and operating performance of firms, along with the impact of investor sentiment on these variables. Findings The results of this study are inconsistent with the existing literature, which argues that the long-run performance of issuing firms signalled an initial underreaction to SEOs buoyed by over-optimistic investors. Research limitations/implications Instead, the long-run performance of issuing firms is adequately explained by the rational models centred on the risk-return framework, implying that investors are reacting swiftly to SEOs in an unbiased fashion. Originality/value Investor sentiment does not materially influence the long-run share performance or operating performance of issuing firms, casting doubt on the ability of the market timing theory to explain the long-run performance of SEOs. The authors thus find that SEO performance cannot be explained by behavioural-based reasoning, in contrast to some asset pricing studies on the JSE which indicate the role of sentiment in explaining returns.

Causes and consequences of voluntary assurance of CSR reports

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 2451-2474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Clarkson ◽  
Yue Li ◽  
Gordon Richardson ◽  
Albert Tsang
Keyword(s):  
Capital Market ◽  
Corporate Sustainability ◽  
Objective Measure ◽  
Market Valuation ◽  
Net Benefit ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Accounting Firm ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
Big 4 ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, the authors investigate a firm’s decision to provide a CSR report, and if so, whether to have the report assured and to seek higher quality assurance as reflected through the choices of the scope of the assurance and type of assurer, Big 4 accounting firm vs specialist consultant. Second, the authors investigate the impact of voluntary assurance of CSR reports, assurance scope and type of assurer on the likelihood of inclusion in the DJSI and on market valuation. Design/methodology/approach The study’s sample consists of 17,050 firm-year observations from 40 countries with CSR reports available from Corporate Register and ESG metrics available from ASSET4 over the period 2009–2015. The study first empirically examines the associations between CSR commitment and each of CSR report provision, CSR report assurance, assurance scope and type of assurer. It then examines that association between both inclusion in the DJSI and market valuation with each of CSR report assurance, assurance scope and type of assurer, using inclusion in the DJSI as an objective measure of a firm’s reputation for sustainability given its recognition as a leading indicator for corporate sustainability and market valuation as a reflection of the broader set of capital market participants. Findings The authors establish two key findings consistent with the predictions of signaling theory. First, we show that high CSR commitment firms are more likely to: provide standalone CSR reports; obtain assurance; obtain assurance from a Big 4 accounting firm; and, adopt higher assurance scope. Second, the authors find that both CSR report assurance and assurance scope increase the likelihood of inclusion in the DJSI, but that the type of assurance provider does not. Alternatively, the authors find that capital market participants appear to value the provision of a CSR report only when it is assured by a Big 4 accounting firm. Originality/value The results in the existing literature exploring the capital market benefits to CSR Assurance have been mixed. Firms that voluntarily obtain CSR Assurance incur a cost in doing so and must perceive a net benefit from obtaining such assurance. Despite the limited guidance currently provided by existing CSR standards, we establish the existence of benefits to obtaining CSR Assurance in terms of enhanced likelihood of DJSI inclusion and, more generally, enhanced market valuation. The discussions with DJSI analysts indicate that CSR assurance does enhance the perceived reliability of CSR data, thus improving user confidence.

The Impact of Macroeconomic Announcements on Implied Volatility

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Füss ◽  
Ferdinand Mager ◽  
Holger Wohlenberg ◽  
Lu Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Implied Volatility ◽  
Macroeconomic Announcements ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The cross-market efficiency of the Italian derivatives market

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Izidin El Kalak ◽  
Robert Hudson
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Market Efficiency ◽  
Options Market ◽  
Index Options ◽  
Content Type ◽  
No Arbitrage ◽  
Crisis Period ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
The Cross ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This study aims to examine the cross-market efficiency of the FTSE/MIB index options contracts traded on the Italian derivatives market (IDEM) during a period including the financial crisis between 1st October 2007 and 31st December 2012 using daily option prices. Design/methodology/approach Two fundamental no-arbitrage conditions were tested: the lower boundary condition (LBC) and the put–call parity (PCP) condition while taking into account the role of transaction costs in mitigating the number of violations reported. Ex post tests of LBC and PCP revealed a low incidence of mispricing in this market. Furthermore, to check the robustness of the results obtained by the ex post tests, ex ante tests were applied to PCP violations occurring within a one-day lag. Findings The results showed a significant drop in the number of profitable arbitrage strategies. The findings obtained from all these tests generally support the cross-market efficiency of the Italian index options market during the sample period, though some violations were occasionally reported. Overall, the number and monetary value of the violations reported declined during the post-financial crisis period compared to those during the financial crisis period. Research limitations/implications This study can be extended to test the relationships between arbitrage profitability and other factors such as the moneyness (in the money, out of the money, at the money) of options and the maturity of options. Options market efficiency tests can be conducted such as call and put spreads, box spreads and put/call convexities (butterfly spreads). Originality/value There are several factors that influenced the decision to test the Italian index options market. First, the limited number of studies conducted on this market. Second, the fact that the two main studies on this market are relatively old, which makes it interesting to test the efficiency of this market with respect to a new set of data, taking into account the introduction of the Euro and the impact of the recent financial crisis on this market and whether the market efficiency hypothesis holds during the period of crisis. Third, it is important to consider the effect of the new rules applied to this market.

Impact of regulatory changes on government bond market liquidity

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Blommestein
Keyword(s):  
Market Liquidity ◽  
Adverse Impact ◽  
Bond Markets ◽  
Government Bond ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
Regulatory Changes ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Government Bond Markets ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this study is to assess the seriousness of the impact of new regulatory factors on liquidity in government bond markets since the onset of the global financial crisis. Design/methodology/approach Questionnaires were circulated for examining the adverse impact of regulatory changes on liquidity. New evidence was presented about the adverse impact of the process of regulatory changes on market liquidity. Findings The paper presents new survey results on the adverse liquidity impact of regulations on market liquidity. Responses show that government issuers differ in their assessment on the severity of the impact of the various regulations. Determining this longer-term impact is quite complex because measures of liquidity may not only reflect the impact of regulatory changes, but also the responses by policymakers and market participants (to these regulatory changes), covering in particular the following: market transparency, trading practices, market infrastructure and other policies to promote liquidity, including by reducing unconventional monetary policy measures. Also, market dynamics may have become more complex due to responses by market participants. Practical implications Debt managers need to take into account regulations with a significant adverse influence on both market liquidity and the price discovery process. As liquidity in government bond markets also has a direct impact on funding possibilities and financing costs, funding liquidity may also be affected, especially during periods with market stress. This means that the funding strategy may need to be adapted. Originality/value The paper presents new survey results on the impact of new regulations on market liquidity. This assessment is quite complex because measures of longer-term liquidity may reflect the impact of regulatory changes and the responses by policymakers and market participants to these changes.

Beyond earnings: do EBITDA reporting and governance matter for market participants?

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Cormier ◽  
Samira Demaria ◽  
Michel Magnan
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Information Asymmetry ◽  
Stock Price ◽  
Value Relevance ◽  
Earnings Quality ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether formally disclosing an earnings before interests, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (EBITDA) number reduces the information asymmetry between managers and investors beyond the release of GAAP earnings. The paper also assess if EBITDA disclosure enhances the value relevance and the predictive ability of earnings. Design/methodology/approach The authors explore the interface between GAAP and non-GAAP reporting as well as the impact of corporate governance on the quality of non-GAAP measures. Findings Results suggest that EBITDA reporting is associated with greater analyst following and with less information asymmetry. The authors also document that EBITDA reporting enhances the positive relationship between earnings and stock pricing as well as future cash flows. Moreover, it appears that corporate governance substitutes for EBITDA reporting for stock markets. Hence, EBITDA helps market participants to better assess earnings valuation when a firm’s governance is weak. Inversely, when governance is strong, releasing EBITDA information has a much smaller impact on the earnings-stock price relation. Originality/value The authors revisit the issue of how corporate governance relates with earnings quality by considering the potentially confounding effect of EBITDA reporting; it appears that such reporting substitutes for governance in moderating the relation between governance and earnings quality.

Behaviour and determinants of implied volatility in Indian market

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narain ◽  
Narander Kumar Nigam ◽  
Piyush Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Implied Volatility ◽  
Hedge Fund ◽  
International Study ◽  
Volatility Smile ◽  
Vector Autoregressions ◽  
Index Options ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Put Options ◽  
Fund Managers ◽  
Option Contract

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand the patterns of the implied volatility (IV) of the Indian index option market and its relationship with moneyness (called the volatility smile). Its goal is also to ascertain the determinants of IV. Design/methodology/approach For this purpose, IVs were computed from the daily call and put data of CNX Nifty index options from April 2004 to March 2014. The patterns of IVs were analysed using univariate parametric tests. Multivariate regression analyses were conducted to understand the relationships observed. Resultantly, vector autoregressions were performed to assess the determinants of IV. Findings The results suggested that there was asymmetric volatility across time and strike prices using alternative measures of moneyness. Furthermore, it was found that the IV of lower strike prices was significantly higher (lower) than that of higher strike prices for call (put) options. Put IV was observed to be higher than call IV irrespective of any attributes. The results further showed that current-month contracts have significantly higher IV than those for next month and those were followed by far-month contracts. Nifty futures’ volumes and momentum were found to be significant determinants of IV. Practical implications The behaviour of the volatility smile is important when accounting for the Vega risks in the portfolios of hedge fund managers. While taking a position, besides the Black-Scholes-Merton (BSM) model’s input factors, investors must consider the previous behaviour of volatility, a market’s microstructures and its liquidity for a put option contract. They must also consider the attributes of the underlying for a call option contract. Originality/value This is the first decadal study (the longest span of data for any international study on this subject) to confirm the existence of the volatility smile for the index options market in India. It examines and confirms the smile’s asymmetry patterns for different definitions of moneyness, as well as option types, the tenure of options contracts and the different phases of market conditions. It further helps to identify the determinants of IV and so has renewed importance for traders.

Aggregate market attention around earnings announcements

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 591-617
Author(s):  
William M. Cready ◽  
Abdullah Kumas
Keyword(s):  
Earnings Announcements ◽  
Equity Market ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Investor Attention ◽  
Earnings Announcement ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
Pricing Efficiency ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThis analysis is the first to explore the overall roles of the offsetting attraction and distraction influences of earnings news in shaping the level of attention given to the equity market by market participants.Design/methodology/approachWe use multivariate regression approach and examine how trading activity levels within the set of non-announcing firms varies with respect to collective measures of contemporaneous earnings announcement visibility. We employ attention and information transfer theories in our hypothesis development.FindingsThis analysis is the first to explore the overall roles of the offsetting attraction and distraction influences of earnings news in shaping the level of attention given to the equity market by market participants. Specifically, we examine how the number of earnings announcement activity affects investor attention as measured by trading volume given to the set of non-announcing firms. We find that while earnings announcement numbers lower trading volume responses to earnings news among announcing firms (consistent with Hirshleifer et al., 2009), their distractive influence does not carry over into the market as a whole. More importantly, investor attention to both the overall market and the larger subset of non-announcing firms increase in response to earnings news activity levels. However, after decomposing the announcers as same-industry and different-industry announcers, we find that investor attention to the non-announcing segment of the market increases with the number of same-industry announcers, but actually seems to decrease (i.e. they distract attention) with the number of different-industry announcers. We also find that the associated earnings surprise brings attention to non-announcing firms (consistent with earnings news is relevant to overall market price movements). Finally, we find that distraction effects are attenuated in the financial crisis period.Research limitations/implicationsA promising area of future research is to examine the relation between market pricing efficiency and aggregate earnings activity for the set of non-announcing firms. Although it will be a challenging task to measure pricing efficiency for the non-announcers, this will complement the prior literature only focusing on the announcing segment of the market.Practical implicationsFirst, instead of assessing the impact of number of earnings announcements on the subset of announcing firms, which is a micro-level perspective, we identify the impact of news arrivals on all firms in the market including the vastly larger set of non-announcing firms. Second, by decomposing the number of announcements into industry-related and -unrelated news we show that different types of news arrivals spark investor attention differently, suggesting the importance of categorizing the news into related and unrelated industries.Social implicationsA potential future area of research identified by our analysis is to investigate what type of investors' attention is distracted or attracted during the earnings announcements. A promising area of future research is to examine the relation between market pricing efficiency and aggregate earnings activity for the set of non-announcing firms.Originality/valueThis paper is the first one exploring the overall roles of the offsetting attraction and distraction influences of earnings announcements in shaping the level of investor attention given to the equity market by market participants. Our findings should be of interest to investors, analysts, security market regulators and researchers.

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