Predicting air conditioner load curves from energy audit data: a comparison of predicted and actual air conditioning data from the Athens load control experiment

Aiming to compare the cooling effect, two types of solar-powered semiconductor air-conditioning devices were designed in different structures. According to the cooling load in an experimental room, the solar panels and battery capacity were determined for the development of a test system. In the same working condition, a comparison test was carried out to examine the cooling performance. Experimental results showed that the design of dual water-cooled cooling unit presented a higher ratio of energy efficiency, with its maximum value of 1.08. By observing the experimental data of the prototype, its comparative economic evaluation results indicated that the annualized cost of solar semiconductor airconditioning was app. 2.7 times that of air-conditioning made from an ordinary compressor.

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BuildingSync: A schema for commercial building energy audit data exchange

Developments in the Built Environment ◽

10.1016/j.dibe.2021.100054 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 100054

Author(s):

Nicholas Long ◽

Katherine Fleming ◽

Chris CaraDonna ◽

Cory Mosiman

Keyword(s):

Data Exchange ◽

Building Energy ◽

Commercial Building ◽

Energy Audit ◽

Audit Data

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Experimental evaluation on a centralized air conditioning system embedded with a split-type air conditioner as a dedicated subcooler

Journal of Building Engineering ◽

10.1016/j.jobe.2021.102585 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 102585

Author(s):

Kasni Sumeru ◽

Mohamad Firdaus Sukri ◽

Triaji Pangripto Pramudantoro ◽

Eddy Erham ◽

Rizki Muliawan

Keyword(s):

Experimental Evaluation ◽

Air Conditioning ◽

Air Conditioner ◽

Air Conditioning System

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Optimal Air Conditioner Placement Using a Simple Thermal Environment Analysis Method for Continuous Large Spaces with Predominant Advection

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14154663 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (15) ◽

pp. 4663

Author(s):

Tatsuhiro Yamamoto ◽

Akihito Ozaki ◽

Myonghyang Lee

Keyword(s):

Air Conditioning ◽

Thermal Environment ◽

Fluid Dynamic ◽

Optimal Placement ◽

Air Conditioner ◽

Analysis Method ◽

Computational Fluid Dynamic Analysis ◽

Environment Analysis ◽

Air Conditioners ◽

Energy Simulations

The number of houses with large, continuous spaces has increased recently. With improvements in insulation performance, it has become possible to efficiently air condition such spaces using a single air conditioner. However, the air conditioning efficiency depends on the placement of the air conditioner. The only way to determine the optimal placement of such air conditioners is to conduct an experiment or use computational fluid dynamic analysis. However, because the analysis is performed over a limited period, it is difficult to consider non-stationarity effects without using an energy simulation. Therefore, in this study, energy simulations and computational fluid dynamics analyses were coupled to develop a thermal environment analysis method that considers non-stationarity effects, and various air conditioner arrangements were investigated to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method. The accuracy verification results generally followed the experimental results. A case study was conducted using the calculated boundary conditions, and the results showed that the placement of two air conditioners in the target experimental house could provide sufficient air conditioning during both winter and summer. Our results suggest that this method can be used to conduct preliminary studies if the necessary data are available during design or if an experimental house is used.

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AUDIT ENERGI PADA SEBUAH HOTEL

GEMA TEKNOLOGI ◽

10.14710/gt.v16i3.4710 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 131

Author(s):

Didik Ariwibowo

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Air Conditioning ◽

Energy Savings ◽

Electric Energy ◽

Electrical Energy ◽

Hot Water ◽

Electrical Energy Consumption ◽

Energy Audit ◽

Electric Energy Consumption ◽

Pumping System

Didik Ariwibowo, in this paper explain that energy audit activities conducted through several phases, namely: the initial audit, detailed audit, analysis of energy savings opportunities, and the proposed energy savings. Total energy consumed consists of electrical energy, fuel, and materials in this case is water. Electrical energy consumption data obtained from payment of electricity accounts for a year while consumption of fuel and water obtained from the payment of material procurement. From the calculation data, IKE hotels accounted for 420.867 kWh/m2.tahun, while the IKE standards for the hotel is 300 kWh/m2.tahun. Thus, IKE hotel included categorized wasteful in energy usage. The largest energy consumption on electric energy consumption. Largest electric energy consumption is on the air conditioning (AC-air conditioning) that is equal to 71.3%, and lighting and electrical equipment at 27.28%, and hot water supply system by 4.44%. Electrical energy consumption in AC looks very big. Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources of the statutes, the profile of energy use by air conditioning at the hotel by 48.5%. With these considerations in the AC target for audit detail as the next phase of activity. The results of a detailed audit analysis to find an air conditioning system energy savings opportunities in pumping systems. Recommendations on these savings is the integration of automation on the pumping system and fan coil units (FCU). The principle of energy conservation in the pumping system is by installing variable speed drives (VSD) pump drive motor to adjust speed according to load on the FCU. Load variations FCU provide input on the VSD pumps to match. Adaptation is predicted pump can save electricity consumption up to 65.7%. Keywords: energy audit, IKE, AC

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Solar Heat Underground Storage Based Air Conditioning Vis-à-Vis Conventional HVAC Experimental Validation

Journal of Solar Energy Engineering ◽

10.1115/1.4038051 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 140 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Carlos R. de Nardin ◽

Felipe T. Fernandes ◽

Adriano J. Longo ◽

Luciano P. Lima ◽

Felix A. Farret ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Conditioning ◽

Heat Pumps ◽

Conventional Heating ◽

Management Technique ◽

Air Conditioner ◽

Heat Management ◽

Air Conditioners ◽

Solar Heat ◽

Reduction Of Energy Consumption ◽

The One

This paper presents a comparison of air conditioners using the conventional heating, ventilation, and air conditioning heat pumps and the one using solar heat stored underground, also known as shallow geothermal air conditioning. The proposed air conditioner with solar heat stored underground reunites practical data from an implementation of the heuristic perturb-and-observe (P&O) control and a heat management technique. The aim is to find out the best possible heat exchange between the room ambient and the underground soil heat to reduce its overall consumption without any heat pump. Comparative tests were conducted in two similar rooms, each one equipped with one of the two types of air conditioning. The room temperature with the conventional air conditioning was maintained as close as possible to the temperature of the test room with shallow geothermal conditioning to allow an acceptable data validation. The experiments made both in the winter of 2014 and in the summer of 2015 in Santa Maria, South Brazil, demonstrated that the conventional air conditioner consumed 19.08 kWh and the shallow geothermal conditioner (SGC) consumed only 4.65 kWh, therefore, representing a reduction of energy consumption of approximately 75%.

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Design of Diagnostic Tools Heavy Equipment Valve Air Conditioning (HVAC) Based Microcontroller for Troubleshooting Air Conditioner on Machine Heavy Equipment

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.3796151 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

ABD. HALIM ◽

DARMA AVIVA ◽

FAISAL BACKRIE ◽

MANGKONA MANGKONA

Keyword(s):

Air Conditioning ◽

Diagnostic Tools ◽

Air Conditioner ◽

Heavy Equipment

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Performance analysis of retrofit R410a refrigerant with R32 refrigerant on a split air conditioner

Journal of Applied Mechanical Engineering and Green Technology ◽

10.31940/jametech.v2i1.2459 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

I Nengah Ardita ◽

◽

I Gusti Agung Bagus Wirajati ◽

I Dewa Made Susila ◽

Sudirman Sudirman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

System Performance ◽

Air Conditioning ◽

Quantitative Description ◽

Air Conditioner ◽

Experimental Equipment ◽

Evaporation Heat ◽

Before And After ◽

Common Group ◽

The Cost ◽

Design And Manufacture

Split air conditioning (AC) is the most widely used in the community for both commercial and domestic utilities. At the present refrigerant which used in Split AC is mostly common group of HFCs, such as R410a. R410a is a zeotropic refrigerant and if there is a leak in the system, it cannot be added this refrigerant. This will increase the cost of maintenance. The aims of this research is to investigate the retrofit of R410a with R32 on the Split AC system. The R32 is chosen because it has higher latent evaporation heat at the same temperature and has less effect on global warming. The refrigeration effect, the power consumption and the system performance are the main three quantities that want to be examined in this research which are observed before and after retrofit. Experimental investigation conducted during this research, including design and manufacture of experimental equipment, calibration and tools installment, collecting the experimental data and analysis by quantitative description method before and after retrofit. The results informed that cooling effect increased during the research, but the COP system has a slight decrease about 4%. R32 refrigerant is quite feasible as a retrofit refrigerant to R410a refrigerant.

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