Improving the Approach-Avoidance Task in Virtual Reality Through Presence and Virtual Risk Situations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja Joan Eiler ◽  
Vanessa Schmucker ◽  
Benjamin Hassler ◽  
Alla Machulska ◽  
Armin Grunewald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Avoidance Task ◽  
Approach Avoidance

scholarly journals Virtual Reality Technology Use in Cigarette Craving and Smoking Interventions (I “Virtually” Quit): Systematic Review (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merel Keijsers ◽  
Maria Cecilia Vega-Corredor ◽  
Melanie Tomintz ◽  
Simon Hoermann
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Avoidance Task ◽  
Nicotine Delivery ◽  
Approach Avoidance

BACKGROUND Over the last 2 decades, virtual reality technologies (VRTs) have been proposed as a way to enhance and improve smoking cessation therapy. OBJECTIVE This systematic review aims to evaluate and summarize the current knowledge on the application of VRT in various smoking cessation therapies, as well as to explore potential directions for future research and intervention development. METHODS A literature review of smoking interventions using VRT was conducted. RESULTS Not all intervention studies included an alternative therapy or a placebo condition against which the effectiveness of the intervention could be benchmarked, or a follow-up measure to ensure that the effects were lasting. Virtual reality (VR) cue exposure therapy was the most extensively studied intervention, but its effect on long-term smoking behavior was inconsistent. Behavioral therapies such as a VR approach-avoidance task or gamified interventions were less common but reported positive results. Notably, only 1 study combined Electronic Nicotine Delivery Devices with VRT. CONCLUSIONS The inclusion of a behavioral component, as is done in the VR approach-avoidance task and gamified interventions, may be an interesting avenue for future research on smoking interventions. As Electronic Nicotine Delivery Devices are still the subject of much controversy, their potential to support smoking cessation remains unclear. For future research, behavioral or multicomponent interventions are promising avenues of exploration. Future studies should improve their validity by comparing their intervention group with at least 1 alternative or placebo control group, as well as incorporating follow-up measures. CLINICALTRIAL

scholarly journals Virtual Reality Technology Use in Cigarette Craving and Smoking Interventions (I “Virtually” Quit): Systematic Review

10.2196/24307 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. e24307
Author(s):  
Merel Keijsers ◽  
Maria Cecilia Vega-Corredor ◽  
Melanie Tomintz ◽  
Simon Hoermann
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Avoidance Task ◽  
Nicotine Delivery ◽  
Approach Avoidance

Background Over the last 2 decades, virtual reality technologies (VRTs) have been proposed as a way to enhance and improve smoking cessation therapy. Objective This systematic review aims to evaluate and summarize the current knowledge on the application of VRT in various smoking cessation therapies, as well as to explore potential directions for future research and intervention development. Methods A literature review of smoking interventions using VRT was conducted. Results Not all intervention studies included an alternative therapy or a placebo condition against which the effectiveness of the intervention could be benchmarked, or a follow-up measure to ensure that the effects were lasting. Virtual reality (VR) cue exposure therapy was the most extensively studied intervention, but its effect on long-term smoking behavior was inconsistent. Behavioral therapies such as a VR approach-avoidance task or gamified interventions were less common but reported positive results. Notably, only 1 study combined Electronic Nicotine Delivery Devices with VRT. Conclusions The inclusion of a behavioral component, as is done in the VR approach-avoidance task and gamified interventions, may be an interesting avenue for future research on smoking interventions. As Electronic Nicotine Delivery Devices are still the subject of much controversy, their potential to support smoking cessation remains unclear. For future research, behavioral or multicomponent interventions are promising avenues of exploration. Future studies should improve their validity by comparing their intervention group with at least 1 alternative or placebo control group, as well as incorporating follow-up measures.

scholarly journals Higher affective congruency in the approach-avoidance task is associated with insular deactivation to dynamic facial expressions

2021 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 107734
Author(s):  
Katia M. Harlé ◽  
Alan N. Simmons ◽  
Jessica Bomyea ◽  
Andrea D. Spadoni ◽  
Charles T. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Avoidance Task ◽  
Dynamic Facial Expressions ◽  
Approach Avoidance

Dessert Approach Avoidance Task

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine N. May ◽  
James Juergensen ◽  
Heath A. Demaree
Keyword(s):  
Avoidance Task ◽  
Approach Avoidance

Stop Pushing Me Away: Relative Level of Facebook Addiction Is Associated With Implicit Approach Motivation for Facebook Stimuli

2018 ◽  
Vol 122 (6) ◽  
pp. 2012-2025 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Juergensen ◽  
Christina Leckfor
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Measure ◽  
Avoidance Task ◽  
Approach Motivation ◽  
Relative Level ◽  
Implicit Approach ◽  
Initial Support ◽  
Approach Avoidance ◽  
Facebook Addiction ◽  
Approach And Withdrawal ◽  
And Training

The use of Facebook and other social media sites has increased to the point that some consider it to be a behavioral addiction. Previously, research has used the Approach–Avoidance Task to measure implicit approach and withdrawal tendencies in response to a variety of stimuli, including alcohol, desserts, cigarettes, spiders, and cannabis. When responding to these types of stimuli, individuals typically evidence an approach bias toward appetitive images and a withdrawal bias in response to undesirable and/or fearful stimuli. The present study was designed to test the validity of an adapted version of the Approach–Avoidance Task by investigating how self-reported Facebook addiction tendencies, measured via the Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale, predicted automatic approach tendencies toward Facebook-related stimuli using the Facebook-Approach–Avoidance Task. Participants with higher self-reported tendencies of Facebook addiction tended to approach Facebook-related stimuli faster. The present study is the first to indicate a relationship between self-reported Facebook addiction tendencies and implicit approach motivation using a behavioral measure. This finding provides initial support for the use of the Facebook-Approach–Avoidance Task as a measure of Facebook addiction, and further validation could lead to the development of additional assessment and training paradigms in the future.

Die implizite Selbstregulation am Beispiel des Essverhaltens: Konsequenzen für die Psychotherapie

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (11) ◽  
pp. 453-461
Author(s):  
Georgios Paslakis ◽  
Martina de Zwaan
Keyword(s):  
Avoidance Task ◽  
Approach Avoidance

ZusammenfassungExplizite Prozesse der Selbstregulation sind mit Introspektion und Einsicht verbunden und werden deswegen häufig als mühevoll erlebt, während implizite Prozesse der Steuerung des Selbst automatisiert, schnell und mühelos ablaufen. Allerdings ist Selbstregulation nicht stets entweder explizit oder implizit; alle Varianten zwischen völlig automatisiert bis hin zu völlig kontrolliert sind vorhanden. Implizite Prozesse sind im Vergleich zu expliziten Prozessen enger mit verkörperten, affektnahen -im Gegensatz zu kognitiven, verbalisierbaren- Erfahrungen verbunden, sodass es denkbar ist, dass zur Ermittlung impliziten Erlebens Methoden zum Einsatz kommen, die den Körper miteinbeziehen bzw. den Körper in einen Zustand überführen, in dem die Wahrnehmung impliziten Geschehens ermöglicht werden kann. Zudem besteht in der Psychotherapie die Notwendigkeit für die Implementierung von neurobiologisch begründeten Methoden, die auf einer impliziten, prä-verbalen Ebene ansetzen. Einige Paradigmen dazu, u. a. der sogenannte approach-avoidance task (AAT) zur Erfassung impliziter Handlungsregulation sind bereits in Erprobung. Derartige Paradigmen werden hier am Beispiel der Regulation des Essverhaltens vorgestellt. Bei der vorliegenden Arbeit handelt es sich um eine narrative (qualitative) Übersicht, die das Ziel verfolgt, über Entwicklungen auf dem Gebiet der Forschung zu impliziten Bias und die Entwicklung von neuartigen, noch experimentell eingesetzten Instrumenten im Rahmen künftiger psychotherapeutischer Behandlungen zu informieren. Zu diesem Zweck wurde eine Auswahl von relevanten Studien nach subjektiven Kriterien der Autoren getroffen. Es handelt sich somit nicht um eine lückenlose Darstellung der Studienlage zu impliziten Bias im Sinne eines systematischen Reviews.

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