Impulse Characteristics of Earth Electrodes in Different Soil Resistivity by Field Measurements

This paper investigates the factors affecting the impulse characteristics of purposely built grounding systems. We installed 2 m × 2 m grounding systems in four different sites with different soil resistivity values. The effect of impulse polarity on soil characteristics was also investigated for different soil resistivity. A circular ring electrode was used as a return electrode in all four sites. For one of the sites, different configurations of grounding systems were installed to allow the study of the effect of ground electrode configurations on soil characteristics. The aim of this study was to quantify the effects of soil resistivity, impulse polarity, and earth electrode configurations on soil electrical properties under high impulse conditions by field measurements. The new data could be useful in understanding the characteristics of grounding systems in various factors under high impulse conditions. It is hoped that by considering these factors, it can help optimize the design of earthing systems.

Download Full-text

Sebaran Limbah Residu CPO (Crude Palm Oil) Bawah Permukaan Tanah Pada PT. SSDP Dengan Aplikasi Geolistrik

Dinamika Lingkungan Indonesia ◽

10.31258/dli.1.2.p.109-115 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 109

Author(s):

Dodi Irwan Siregar ◽

Thamrin Thamrin ◽

Muhammad Edisar

Keyword(s):

Palm Oil ◽

Soil Nutrient ◽

Field Measurements ◽

Oil Industry ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Soil Resistivity ◽

Before And After ◽

Nutrient Changes ◽

Bray 1 ◽

Properties Of Soil

One of the environmental problems caused by the increasing growth of the industry.Industrial waste generated that goes into the soil can alter soil properties. This studyreviewing the nature of the soil as a result of the distribution of residual waste CPO (CrudePalm Oil) industry mills. This study uses the characteristics of resistivity and soil nutrientproperties. Soil resistivity properties were tested by making a model before and after thedistribution of waste residue does CPO. Then validated against field measurements, fieldmeasurements comparing the data with the model. To see the changes in nutrient content ofsoil Laboratory Testing properties of soil nutrient changes. The results showed that theresistivity properties change and nutrient content of the soil before and after the distributionof waste residue subjected CPO. Soil resistivity values that have mixed by CPO residualwaste is higher than the value of soil resistivity is not mixed waste palm oil residues, while thecontent of soil nutrients among other properties, increasing soil pH, Include content C-Organic (%) / Inceneration, P-Available (ppm) / Bray-1, N-Total (%) / Kjedahl decreaseddramatically.

Download Full-text

Seasonal Influences on the Impulse Characteristics of Grounding Systems for Tropical Countries

Energies ◽

10.3390/en12071334 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (7) ◽

pp. 1334 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Muhd Reffin ◽

Abdul Abdul Ali ◽

Normiza Mohamad Nor ◽

Nurul Ahmad ◽

Syarifah Abdullah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Field Experiments ◽

Field Testing ◽

Soil Resistivity ◽

Tropical Countries ◽

Power Frequency ◽

Seasonal Influences ◽

Set Up ◽

Impulse Characteristics ◽

Over Time

One of the most important parameters of the performance of grounding systems is the soil resistivity. As generally known, the soil resistivity changes seasonally, hence the performance of grounding systems, at DC and under high impulse conditions. This paper presents the performance of grounding systems with two different configurations. Field experiments were set up to study the characteristics of the grounding systems seasonally at power frequency and under high impulse conditions. A review of field testing on practical grounding systems was also presented. It was found that the soil resistivity, RDC and impulse characteristics of grounding systems were improved over time, and the improvement was higher for electrodes that have more contact with the soils.

Download Full-text

Effect of Soil Resistivity Measurement on the Safe Design of Grounding Systems

Energies ◽

10.3390/en13123170 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 3170

Author(s):

Vasilios P. Androvitsaneas ◽

Katerina D. Damianaki ◽

Christos A. Christodoulou ◽

Ioannis F. Gonos

Keyword(s):

Resistivity Measurement ◽

Field Measurements ◽

University Campus ◽

Soil Resistivity ◽

Grounding System ◽

Uncertainty Of Measurements ◽

Full Knowledge ◽

Ground Profile ◽

The University ◽

The Impact

A prerequisite for the proper and safe designing of a grounding system is the full knowledge of the ground structure in the terrain of installation. Through soil resistivity measurements, engineers are able to illustrate the ground profile, which constitutes the most significant parameter for the design of a grounding system and for determining the maximum permissible limits of step and touch voltages. This paper highlights the high importance and necessity for engineers to choose the proper measurement axes of soil resistivity in the terrain of interest and to choose suitable measurement depths, as well the combination of axes for the final determination of the ground profile. The variance of soil resistivity values, as a function of axis distance and the impact of axis placement on determining the uncertainty of measurements, is also analyzed in detail in this study. Furthermore, this work studies the value variance of step and touch voltages as a function of measurement axes, considering two- and three-layer soil models, based on soil resistivity field measurements performed at the university campus. Therefore, the proper and premeditated measurement of soil resistivity, particularly in anisotropic ground, is proved to be of major importance for the full designing of a safe grounding system.

Download Full-text

Field measurements on earthing systems of different soil resistivity values under high impulse conditions

Electrical Engineering ◽

10.1007/s00202-016-0469-z ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 99 (3) ◽

pp. 1005-1011 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

S. Abdullah ◽

N. Mohamad Nor ◽

K. Ramar

Keyword(s):

Field Measurements ◽

Soil Resistivity ◽

Earthing Systems

Download Full-text

Impulse characteristics of grounding systems of transmission-line towers in the regions with high soil resistivity

POWERCON '98. 1998 International Conference on Power System Technology. Proceedings (Cat. No.98EX151) ◽

10.1109/icpst.1998.728944 ◽

2002 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

He Jinliang ◽

Zeng Rong ◽

Chen Shuiming ◽

Li Siyun ◽

Wu Weihan

Keyword(s):

Transmission Line ◽

Soil Resistivity ◽

High Soil ◽

Impulse Characteristics

Download Full-text

The Research on the Impulse Characteristics of the Extended Grounding Electrode in the Layered Soil

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.615.66 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 615 ◽

pp. 66-73

Author(s):

Jun Jie Zheng ◽

Bin Cao ◽

Ming Liu ◽

Chang Zheng Xia ◽

Chang Geng Tu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Double Layer ◽

Soil Structure ◽

Single Layer ◽

Layered Soil ◽

Soil Resistivity ◽

Grounding Resistance ◽

Low Resistivity ◽

High Soil ◽

Grounding Electrode ◽

Impulse Characteristics

The composition of the tower's grounding system is always with several layers, for single-layer structure of the tower in high soil resistivity area, it is the use of partial replacement of soil to reduce the tower grounding resistance, also the analysis object is equivalent to the hierarchical model, Therefore, the study of layered soil structure tower grounding impulse characteristics is more representative. To study the impact properties of the layered structure of the soil grounding, In this paper, through the establishment a double-layer soil model structure, the impulse characteristics of the soil structure of grounding electrode is studied through simulation, resulting of the quantitative relationship between several high resistivity soils partially replacing low resistivity soil area size and impulse grounding resistance of elongation grounding. The results show that the impulse grounding resistance decreases as the replacement area of low resistivity soil increases and converges to a certain value, which indicates the impulse characteristics of extended grounding electrode in double-layer soil model increases with the expand of the upper level low resistivity zone and approaching that of single layer with low resistivity soil. The results have a reference value for use of local soil replacement method to reduce tower impulse grounding resistance in high soil resistivity areas and the determination of soil replacement plan.

Download Full-text