Characterization of Skin Effect in High-Speed Interconnects and Spiral Inductors

Author(s):  
Fethi Choubani ◽  
Jose Schutt-Aine ◽  
Richard Baca
Author(s):  
L. D. Lopez ◽  
D. K. McElfresh ◽  
R. Melanson ◽  
D. Vacar

Abstract The need for high bandwidth, high speed interconnects with optimum routing through computer backplanes has led to the use of optical interconnects in multiprocessor computing systems [1]. Most of the current commercially available optical interfaces are based upon 850nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). Extensive studies conducted by the VCSEL manufacturers show that the reliability of these devices continues to improve [2-4]. In order to understand the risks and implications of using VCSELbased modules in computer systems, we have conducted an experiment designed to provide insight into the emission degradation and failure of VCSEL devices. In this paper we briefly describe the experiment and review the results of the subsequent failure analysis on degraded VCSEL arrays.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 933
Author(s):  
Mario Lucido

The method of analytical preconditioning combines the discretization and the analytical regularization of a singular integral equation in a single step. In a recent paper by the author, such a method has been applied to a spectral domain integral equation formulation devised to analyze the propagation in polygonal cross-section microstrip lines, which are widely used as high-speed interconnects in monolithic microwave and millimeter waves integrated circuits. By choosing analytically Fourier transformable expansion functions reconstructing the behavior of the fields on the wedges, fast convergence is achieved, and the convolution integrals are expressed in closed form. However, the coefficient matrix elements are one-dimensional improper integrals of oscillating and, in the worst cases, slowly decaying functions. In this paper, a novel technique for the efficient evaluation of such kind of integrals is proposed. By means of a procedure based on Cauchy integral theorem, the general coefficient matrix element is written as a linear combination of fast converging integrals. As shown in the numerical results section, the proposed technique always outperforms the analytical asymptotic acceleration technique, especially when highly accurate solutions are required.


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