Hardware acceleration of divide-and-conquer paradigms: a case study

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Luk ◽  
V. Lok ◽  
I. Page
Keyword(s):  
Hardware Acceleration ◽  
Divide And Conquer

A DIVIDE-AND-CONQUER STRATEGY FOR QUALITATIVE SIMULATION AND FUZZY IDENTIFICATION OF COMPLEX DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (03) ◽  
pp. 423-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAFFAELLA GUGLIELMANN ◽  
LILIANA IRONI
Keyword(s):  
Scale Up ◽  
Fuzzy Rule ◽  
Qualitative Reasoning ◽  
Divide And Conquer ◽  
Rule Base ◽  
Qualitative Simulation ◽  
Biological Domain ◽  
Large Systems ◽  
Behavioural Description

Fuzzy systems properly integrated with Qualitative Reasoning approaches yield a hybrid identification method, called FS-QM, that outperforms traditional data-driven approaches in terms of robustness, interpretability and efficiency in both rich and poor data contexts. This results from the embedment of the entire system dynamics predicted by the simulation of its qualitative model, represented by fuzzy-rules, into the fuzzy system. However, the intrinsic limitation of qualitative simulation to scale up to complex and large systems significantly reduces its efficient applicability to real-world problems. The novelty of this paper deals with a divide-and-conquer approach that aims at making qualitative simulation tractable and the derived behavioural description comprehensible and exhaustive, and consequently usable to perform system identification. The partition of the complete model into smaller ones prevents the generation of a complete temporal ordering of all unrelated events, that is one of the major causes of intractable branching in qualitative simulation. The set of generated behaviours is drastically but beneficially reduced as it still captures the entire range of possible dynamical distinctions. Thus, the properties of the correspondent fuzzy-rule base, that guarantee robustness and interpretability of the identified model, are preserved. The strategy we propose is discussed through a case study from the biological domain.

scholarly journals Hardware Acceleration for RLNC: A Case Study Based on the Xtensa Processor with the Tensilica Instruction-Set Extension

Electronics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Acevedo ◽  
Robert Scheffel ◽  
Simon Wunderlich ◽  
Mattis Hasler ◽  
Sreekrishna Pandi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hardware Acceleration ◽  
Code Word ◽  
Instruction Set ◽  
Linear Network ◽  
Galois Fields ◽  
Linear Network Coding ◽  
Multiple Data ◽  
Instruction Set Extension ◽  
Energy Constrained

Random linear network coding (RLNC) can greatly aid data transmission in lossy wireless networks. However, RLNC requires computationally complex matrix multiplications and inversions in finite fields (Galois fields). These computations are highly demanding for energy-constrained mobile devices. The presented case study evaluates hardware acceleration strategies for RLNC in the context of the Tensilica Xtensa LX5 processor with the tensilica instruction set extension (TIE). More specifically, we develop TIEs for multiply-accumulate (MAC) operations for accelerating matrix multiplications in Galois fields, single instruction multiple data (SIMD) instructions operating on consecutive memory locations, as well as the flexible-length instruction extension (FLIX). We evaluate the number of clock cycles required for RLNC encoding and decoding without and with the MAC, SIMD, and FLIX acceleration strategies. We also evaluate the RLNC encoding and decoding throughput and energy consumption for a range of RLNC generation and code word sizes. We find that for GF ( 2 8 ) and GF ( 2 16 ) RLNC encoding, the SIMD and FLIX acceleration strategies achieve speedups of approximately four hundred fold compared to a benchmark C code implementation without TIE. We also find that the unicore Xtensa LX5 with SIMD has seven to thirty times higher RLNC encoding and decoding throughput than the state-of-the-art ODROID XU3 system-on-a-chip (SoC) operating with a single core; the Xtensa LX5 with FLIX, in turn, increases the throughput by roughly 25% compared to utilizing only SIMD. Furthermore, the Xtensa LX5 with FLIX consumes roughly four orders of magnitude less energy than the ODROID XU3 SoC.

Case Study: Hardware Acceleration of the JPEG2000 Kakadu Library

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Dyer ◽  
Amit Kumar Gupta ◽  
Natalia Galin ◽  
Saeid Nooshabadi
Keyword(s):  
Hardware Acceleration

Religion and Mobilization in the Syrian Uprising and War

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Pearlman
Keyword(s):  
Divide And Conquer ◽  
Structural Constraints ◽  
State Repression ◽  
Conflict Settings ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Syrian Conflict ◽  
Role Of Religion ◽  
Over Time

What role does religion play in mobilization in general, and in mobilization in conflict settings in particular? This chapter explores these questions through a case study of the Syrian uprising and war. Using published sources and original interviews, the author traces the role of religion and sect in Syria’s pre-2011 politics and then in successive stages of the subsequent conflict. She examines the role of religion in the motivations driving protest, the processes generating collective action, the militarization of mobilization, and the transformation of an uprising into war. It is argued that, while religion came to occupy an increasingly prominent place in mobilization over time, its role in the Syrian conflict has been less attributable to religion per se than to the ways religion is entwined with power, privilege, and the dynamics of violence itself. Where religion sometimes appeared significant, such as in the tendency of demonstrations to begin at mosques, the power of religion lay not in piety but in structural constraints. Though religion and sect became increasingly salient as the conflict escalated, this was primarily due to state repression and strategies of divide and conquer, and nothing particular to Islam. Scrutiny of the Syrian experience encourages us to critique assumptions about the distinctiveness of religion in driving protest and conflict in majority-Muslim societies, and instead to examine such mobilization using the same conceptual tools employed in cases of conflict across time and space.

scholarly journals FPGA implementation of logarithmic versions of Baum-Welch and Viterbi algorithms for reduced precision hidden Markov models

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 935-947
Author(s):  
M. Pietras ◽  
P. Klęsk
Keyword(s):  
Hidden Markov Models ◽  
Markov Models ◽  
Hidden Markov ◽  
Hardware Acceleration ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Divide And Conquer ◽  
Floating Point ◽  
Logarithmic Space ◽  
On Chip ◽  
High Level

Abstract This paper presents a programmable system-on-chip implementation to be used for acceleration of computations within hidden Markov models. The high level synthesis (HLS) and “divide-and-conquer” approaches are presented for parallelization of Baum-Welch and Viterbi algorithms. To avoid arithmetic underflows, all computations are performed within the logarithmic space. Additionally, in order to carry out computations efficiently – i.e. directly in an FPGA system or a processor cache – we postulate to reduce the floating-point representations of HMMs. We state and prove a lemma about the length of numerically unsafe sequences for such reduced precision models. Finally, special attention is devoted to the design of a multiple logarithm and exponent approximation unit (MLEAU). Using associative mapping, this unit allows for simultaneous conversions of multiple values and thereby compensates for computational efforts of logarithmic-space operations. Design evaluation reveals absolute stall delay occurring by multiple hardware conversions to logarithms and to exponents, and furthermore the experiments evaluation reveals HMMs computation boundaries related to their probabilities and floating-point representation. The performance differences at each stage of computation are summarized in performance comparison between hardware acceleration using MLEAU and typical software implementation on an ARM or Intel processor.

scholarly journals Divide and conquer anomaly detection: A case study predicting defective engines

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 57-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Muhr ◽  
Shailesh Tripathi ◽  
Herbert Jodlbauer
Keyword(s):  
Anomaly Detection ◽  
Divide And Conquer

scholarly journals Hybrid wind energy forecasting and analysis system based on divide and conquer scheme: A case study in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 222 ◽  
pp. 942-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendong Yang ◽  
Jianzhou Wang ◽  
Haiyan Lu ◽  
Tong Niu ◽  
Pei Du
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Divide And Conquer ◽  
Energy Forecasting ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Divide And Conquer Scheme
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