The value of dynamic clustering of base stations for future wireless networks

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agisilaos Papadogiannis ◽  
George C. Alexandropoulos
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Networks ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Dynamic Clustering

scholarly journals Workgroup Report: Base Stations and Wireless Networks—Radiofrequency (RF) Exposures and Health Consequences

2007 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 416-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter A. Valberg ◽  
T. Emilie van Deventer ◽  
Michael H. Repacholi
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Networks ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Health Consequences

scholarly journals Application of cell-free massive MIMO in 5G and beyond 5G wireless networks: a survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hope Ikoghene Obakhena ◽  
Agbotiname Lucky Imoize ◽  
Francis Ifeanyi Anyasi ◽  
K. V. N. Kavitha
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Networks ◽  
Massive Mimo ◽  
System Modeling ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Processing Unit ◽  
Central Processing

AbstractIn recent times, the rapid growth in mobile subscriptions and the associated demand for high data rates fuels the need for a robust wireless network design to meet the required capacity and coverage. Deploying massive numbers of cellular base stations (BSs) over a geographic area to fulfill high-capacity demands and broad network coverage is quite challenging due to inter-cell interference and significant rate variations. Cell-free massive MIMO (CF-mMIMO), a key enabler for 5G and 6G wireless networks, has been identified as an innovative technology to address this problem. In CF-mMIMO, many irregularly scattered single access points (APs) are linked to a central processing unit (CPU) via a backhaul network that coherently serves a limited number of mobile stations (MSs) to achieve high energy efficiency (EE) and spectral gains. This paper presents key areas of applications of CF-mMIMO in the ubiquitous 5G, and the envisioned 6G wireless networks. First, a foundational background on massive MIMO solutions-cellular massive MIMO, network MIMO, and CF-mMIMO is presented, focusing on the application areas and associated challenges. Additionally, CF-mMIMO architectures, design considerations, and system modeling are discussed extensively. Furthermore, the key areas of application of CF-mMIMO such as simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT), channel hardening, hardware efficiency, power control, non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), spectral efficiency (SE), and EE are discussed exhaustively. Finally, the research directions, open issues, and lessons learned to stimulate cutting-edge research in this emerging domain of wireless communications are highlighted.

scholarly journals Multi-Objective Optimization of Massive MIMO 5G Wireless Networks towards Power Consumption, Uplink and Downlink Exposure

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (22) ◽  
pp. 4974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Matalatala ◽  
Margot Deruyck ◽  
Sergei Shikhantsov ◽  
Emmeric Tanghe ◽  
David Plets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Networks ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Massive Mimo ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Multiple Input Multiple Output ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Reference Scenario ◽  
User Coverage ◽  
Input Multiple Output

The rapid development of the number of wireless broadband devices requires that the induced uplink exposure be addressed during the design of the future wireless networks, in addition to the downlink exposure due to the transmission of the base stations. In this paper, the positions and power levels of massive MIMO-LTE (Multiple Input Multiple Output-Long Term Evolution) base stations are optimized towards low power consumption, low downlink and uplink electromagnetic exposure and maximal user coverage. A suburban area in Ghent, Belgium has been considered. The results show that the higher the number of BS antenna elements, the fewer number of BSs the massive MIMO network requires. This leads to a decrease of the downlink exposure (−12% for the electric field and −32% for the downlink dose) and an increase of the uplink exposure (+70% for the uplink dose), whereas both downlink and uplink exposure increase with the number of simultaneous served users (+174% for the electric field and +22% for the uplink SAR). The optimal massive MIMO network presenting the better trade-off between the power consumption, the total dose and the user coverage has been obtained with 37 64-antenna BSs. Moreover, the level of the downlink electromagnetic exposure (electric field) of the massive MIMO network is 5 times lower than the 4G reference scenario.

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