Price point and price rigidity: One micro-basis of price rigidity theory

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ma Liang
Keyword(s):  
Price Rigidity ◽  
Rigidity Theory ◽  
Price Point

Competition Policy under Economic Crisis

2009 ◽  
pp. 54-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Shastitko ◽  
S. Avdasheva ◽  
S. Golovanova
Keyword(s):  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Industrial Policy ◽  
Competition Policy ◽  
Transition Economy ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Price Rigidity ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
The Impact

The analysis of competition policy under economic crisis is motivated by the fact that competition is a key factor for the level of productivity. The latter, in its turn, influences the scope and length of economic recession. In many Russian markets buyers' gains decline because of the weakness of competition, since suppliers are reluctant to cut prices in spite of the decreasing demand. Data on prices in Russia and abroad in the second half of 2008 show asymmetric price rigidity. At least two questions are important under economic crisis: the 'division of labor' between pro-active and protective tools of competition policy and the impact of anti-crisis policy on competition. Protective competition policy is insufficient in transition economy, especially in the days of crisis it should be supplemented with the well-designed industrial policy measures which do not contradict the goals of competition. The preferable tools of anti-crisis policy are also those that do not restrain competition.

ANALISIS USAHA AGROINDUSTRI KERIPIK TEMPEDI DESA SUMBER DATAR KECAMATAN SINGINGIKABUPATEN KUANTAN SINGINGI (Studi Kasus Pada Usaha Keripik Tempe Djokam)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Febry Nugroho ◽  
Jamalludin Jamalludin ◽  
Elfi Indrawanis
Keyword(s):  
Selling Price ◽  
Fixed Costs ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Price Point ◽  
C Value ◽  
Revenue Efficiency

Penelitian ini dilakukan di Desa Samber Datar Kecamatan Singingi Kabupaten Kuantan Singingi, Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui besarnya pendapatan, efesiensi usaha R/C dan untuk mengetahui BEP produksi dan BEP harga pada usaha Agroindustri Keripik Tempe Djokam di Desa Sumber Datar Kecamatan Singingi Kabupaten Kuantan Singingi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa pendapatan keripik tempe djokam Rp 425.327/produksi dengan total biaya yang dikeluarkan sebesar Rp 574.673, yang terdiri dari biaya tetap dan biaya tidak tetap, nilai R/C sebesar 1,74, artinya setiap biaya yang dikeluarkan 1 rupiah maka diperoleh penerimaan sebesar 1,74 rupiah atau keuntungan sebesar 0,74 rupiah dan Break Even Poin produksi dengan total biaya sebesar Rp 574,673, maka harus memproduksi sebanyak 11,49 Kg dengan harga jualnya Rp 50.000, agar mencapai titik impas. Break Even Poin harga  dengan biaya sebesar Rp 574.673 maka Agroindustri Keripik Tempe harus memproduksi sebanyak 20 Kg dengan harga jual sebesar Rp 28.733, supaya mencapai titik impasnya.Kata Kunci : Agroindustri; Keripik Tempe; Pendapatan; R/C Ratio; BEP ABSTRACTThis research was conducted in Samber Datar Village, Singingi Subdistrict, Kuantan Singingi District. This study aims to determine the amount of revenue, efficiency of the R / C business and to determine the production BEP and price BEP in the Agroindustry of Tempe Djokam chips in Sumber Datar Village, Singingi District, Kuantan Singingi District. The results of this study indicate that the income of tempe chips djokam Rp 425,327 / production with a total cost incurred in the amount of Rp 574,673, consisting of fixed costs and variable costs, R / C value of 1.74, meaning that each cost incurred 1 rupiah is obtained revenue of 1.74 rupiahs or profit of 0.74 rupiahs and Break Even Points of production with a total cost of Rp 574,673, it must produce as much as 11.49 kg with a selling price of Rp 50,000, in order to break even. Break Even Price point at a cost of Rp 574,673 then the Tempe Chips Agroindustry must produce 20 kg with a selling price of Rp 28,733, in order to break even.Keywords: Agro-industry; Tempe Chips; Revenue; R / C Ratio; BEP

Exchange Rate and Import Price Rigidity in Russia

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuriy Ponomarev ◽  
Yury Andreevich Pleskachev
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Import Price ◽  
Price Rigidity

scholarly journals Will Households Invest in Safe Sanitation? Results from an Experimental Demand Trial in Nakuru, Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4462
Author(s):  
Rachel Peletz ◽  
Caroline Delaire ◽  
Joan Kones ◽  
Clara MacLeod ◽  
Edinah Samuel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Price Point ◽  
Improved Sanitation ◽  
Sanitation Infrastructure ◽  
The City ◽  
Experimental Demand

Unsafe sanitation is an increasing public health concern for rapidly expanding cities in low-income countries. Understanding household demand for improved sanitation infrastructure is critical for planning effective sanitation investments. In this study, we compared the stated and revealed willingness to pay (WTP) for high-quality, pour-flush latrines among households in low-income areas in the city of Nakuru, Kenya. We found that stated WTP for high-quality, pour-flush latrines was much lower than market prices: less than 5% of households were willing to pay the full costs, which we estimated between 87,100–82,900 Kenyan Shillings (KES), or 871–829 USD. In addition, we found large discrepancies between stated and revealed WTP. For example, 90% of households stated that they would be willing to pay a discounted amount of 10,000 KES (100 USD) for a high-quality, pour-flush latrine, but only 10% of households redeemed vouchers at this price point (paid via six installment payments). Households reported that financial constraints (i.e., lack of cash, other spending priorities) were the main barriers to voucher redemption, even at highly discounted prices. Our results emphasize the importance of financial interventions that address the sizable gaps between the costs of sanitation products and customer demand among low-income populations.

scholarly journals Almost‐Maximization as a Behavioral Theory of the Firm: Static, Dynamic and Evolutionary Perspectives

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-258
Author(s):  
Huw Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Behavior ◽  
Firm Behavior ◽  
Theory Of The Firm ◽  
Behavioral Theory ◽  
Price Rigidity ◽  
Price Setting ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Sales Revenue ◽  
Evolutionary Perspectives

Abstract In this paper we consider the effect of epsilon maximization on firm behavior. In particular we focus on the dynamic behavior of firms with the use of the example of price‐setting: We show how almost-rational firms can be more volatile in their behavior. However, if a lexicographic preference for simplicity is made, then we can explain nominal price rigidity as a result of epsilon optimization. The behavior of the firm—which is consistent with its long‐term survival—is examined. We argue that epsilon-optimization is consistent with survival in any context in which something is optimized: such as sales revenue.

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