A Proportional-Switch Adjustment Model towards Mixed Equilibrium with Multiroute Choice Behaviour Criterion

Based on the price-quantity adjustment behaviour principle of the non-Walrasian equilibrium theory, this paper adopted a new QUE (quantity adjustment user equilibrium) criterion to formulate the route comfort choice behaviour. The purpose of the present paper is to establish a proportional-switch adjustment model which aims to reflect the route adjustment behaviour interaction between the traditional UE (user equilibrium) travellers and the QUE travellers and converge to a mixed equilibrium state. It is assumed that a group of road network travellers follow the UE criteria by choosing the travel route with the purpose of minimizing their route travel time (travel cost). In addition, the other group of travellers follow the QUE criteria by selecting the route with the largest residual capacity to achieve a more comfortable travel experience. The travel route adjustment behaviour of the two group travellers generates the dynamic traffic flow evolution towards the mixed equilibrium, and the route adjusting flow is proportional to the difference of traveller decision-making variable among the alternative routes. Simple illustrative examples are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed model, and the uniqueness and stability of the solution are demonstrated by applying the variational inequality and Lyapunov stability theorem.

A Traffic Flow Evolution Process toward Mixed Equilibrium with Multicriteria of Route Choice Behaviour

Based on the price-quantity adjustment behaviour principle of disequilibrium theory, the route choices of travellers are also affected by a quantity signal known as traffic flow, while the route cost is considered as a price signal in economics. Considering the quantity signal’s effect among travellers, a new route comfort choice behaviour criterion and its corresponding equilibrium condition are established. The network travellers are classified into three groups according to their route choice behaviour: travellers in the first group choose the shortest route following the route rapidity behaviour criterion with complete information forming the UE (user equilibrium) pattern, travellers in the second group choose the most comfortable route following the route comfort behaviour criterion with complete information forming the QUE (quantity adjustment user equilibrium) pattern, and travellers in the third group choose a route according to their perceived travel time with incomplete information forming the SUE (stochastic user equilibrium) pattern. The traffic flows of all three groups converge to a new UE-QUE-SUE mixed equilibrium flow pattern after interaction. To depict the traveller-diversified choice behaviour and the traffic flow interaction process, a mixed equilibrium traffic flow evolution model is formulated. After defining the route comfort indicator and the corresponding user equilibrium state, the equilibrium conditions of the three group flows are given under a mixed equilibrium pattern. In addition, an equivalent mathematical programming of the mixed equilibrium traffic flow evolution model is proposed to demonstrate that the developed model converges to the mixed equilibrium state. Finally, numerical examples are examined to evaluate the effect of route comfort proportions on the traffic network flow evolution and analyse the performance of the proposed model.

The Analysis of Adjustment Modes of District Heating System

In order to reduce the power consumption of circulating pump in secondary network., the adjustment that combines quantity adjustment and quality adjustment is proposed in the paper;and the control strategy and adjustment equations in different stages of this adjustment mode are present. Then taken a community in Zhangjiakou as an example, the adjustment curve of this mode in indirectconnected heating systems and direct-connected heating systems are obtained. Finally the power consumptions of the adjustment mode proposed in the paper with that of quality adjustment and quality adjustment with different quantitative ratio in each period are compared; the result indicates that the adjustment mode has more potential in energ-saving.

The Energy-Saving Analysis of District Heating System

This paper introduces the adjustment curve equations of district heating system commonly used in secondary network. On this basis, adjustment curve equations of the adjustment that combines quantity adjustment and quality adjustment are proposed. Then taken a community in Zhangjiakou as an example, we compare the power consumption of the adjustment scheme proposed in the paper with that of quality adjustment and quality adjustment with different quantitative ratio in each period. The analysis shows that the adjustment scheme has much more potential in energy-saving.

The Analysis of Efficiency and Safety of the Plan of Quantity Adjustment in Heating System

To direct at heating system when it adopts quantity adjustment. Taking a community in Zhangjiakou as an example, using the method of Graphic theory to analysis and compare these two operation schemes: adjusting parallel pump's valve in shared pipeline and adjusting parallel pump's valve in non-shared pipeline. We can know that adjusting parallel pump's valve in non-shared pipeline is energy-saving, when the flow in pipe network is bigger than 79% of the boiler's total circulating water. There is a lowest limit of system's circulating water, when adopt the method that adjusting the parallel pump's valve in non-shared pipeline, otherwise it would damage the pump.

Un modèle de la détermination des salaires dans l’industrie de la construction au Québec

The provincial decree applying to the construction industry in Quebec has created a situation of bilateral monopoly in that segment of the labor market (unions on the supply side and entrepreneurs on the demand side). If negotiations are undertaken at a time where business conditions are booming, then the unions have a very powerful negotiating power. Since contracts are signed for a three year period, wage increases do not afterwards reflect market conditions. Since wages are fixed by the provincial decree, there is then a quantity adjustment in the construction sector. In this paper, we have specified and estimated a model that allows us to measure the bilateral monopoly impact of wage increases and to compute quantity adjustments in the construction market. It is shown then that the provincial decree adversily affects the competition position of the construction industry in Quebec and that restauring this position involves a severe recession in the construction industry.