Sensitive Reachable Cluster Head Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

Since wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are powered by energy-constrained batteries, many energy-efficient routing protocols have been proposed to extend the network lifetime. However, most of the protocols do not well balance the energy consumption of the WSNs. The hotspot problem caused by unbalanced energy consumption in the WSNs reduces the network lifetime. To solve the problem, this paper proposes a PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization)-based uneven dynamic clustering multi-hop routing protocol (PUDCRP). In the PUDCRP protocol, the distribution of the clusters will change dynamically when some nodes fail. The PSO algorithm is used to determine the area where the candidate CH (cluster head) nodes are located. The adaptive clustering method based on node distribution makes the cluster distribution more reasonable, which balances the energy consumption of the network more effectively. In order to improve the energy efficiency of multi-hop transmission between the BS (Base Station) and CH nodes, we also propose a connecting line aided route construction method to determine the most appropriate next hop. Compared with UCCGRA, multi-hop EEBCDA, EEMRP, CAMP, PSO-ECHS and PSO-SD, PUDCRP prolongs the network lifetime by between 7.36% and 74.21%. The protocol significantly balances the energy consumption of the network and has better scalability for various sizes of network.

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Energy-Efficient Unequal Chain Length Clustering for Wireless Sensor Networks in Smart Cities

Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing ◽

10.1155/2017/5790161 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Mohammad Baniata ◽

Jiman Hong

Keyword(s):

Wireless Sensor Networks ◽

Sensor Networks ◽

Chain Length ◽

Network Lifetime ◽

Routing Protocol ◽

Energy Efficient ◽

Smart Cities ◽

Cluster Head ◽

Sensor Nodes ◽

Wireless Sensor

The recent advances in sensing and communication technologies such as wireless sensor networks (WSN) have enabled low-priced distributed monitoring systems that are the foundation of smart cities. These advances are also helping to monitor smart cities and making our living environments workable. However, sensor nodes are constrained in energy supply if they have no constant power supply. Moreover, communication links can be easily failed because of unequal node energy depletion. The energy constraints and link failures affect the performance and quality of the sensor network. Therefore, designing a routing protocol that minimizes energy consumption and maximizes the network lifetime should be considered in the design of the routing protocol for WSN. In this paper, we propose an Energy-Efficient Unequal Chain Length Clustering (EEUCLC) protocol which has a suboptimal multihop routing algorithm to reduce the burden on the cluster head and a probability-based cluster head selection algorithm to prolong the network lifetime. Simulation results show that the EEUCLC mechanism enhanced the energy balance and prolonged the network lifetime compared to other related protocols.

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A novel energy efficient vice Cluster Head routing protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks

2015 IEEE Seventh International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Information Systems (ICICIS) ◽

10.1109/intelcis.2015.7397240 ◽

2015 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Tawfik Abdel Hakam Hassan ◽

Gamal Selim ◽

Rowayda Sadek

Keyword(s):

Wireless Sensor Networks ◽

Sensor Networks ◽

Routing Protocol ◽

Energy Efficient ◽

Cluster Head ◽

Wireless Sensor

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R-bUCRP: A Novel Reputation-Based Uneven Clustering Routing Protocol for Cognitive Wireless Sensor Networks

Journal of Sensors ◽

10.1155/2016/5986265 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Mingchuan Zhang ◽

Ruijuan Zheng ◽

Ying Li ◽

Qingtao Wu ◽

Liang Song

Keyword(s):

Wireless Sensor Networks ◽

Sensor Networks ◽

Routing Protocol ◽

Cluster Head ◽

Residual Energy ◽

Wireless Sensor ◽

Selfish Nodes ◽

Simulation Results ◽

Establishment Phase ◽

Optimal Cluster

Energy of nodes is an important factor that affects the performance of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), especially in the case of existing selfish nodes, which attracted many researchers’ attention recently. In this paper, we present a reputation-based uneven clustering routing protocol (R-bUCRP) considering both energy saving and reputation assessment. In the cluster establishment phase, we adopt an uneven clustering mechanism which controls the competitive scope of cluster head candidates to save the energy of WSNs. In the cluster heads election phase, the residual energy and reputation value are used as the indexes to select the optimal cluster head, where the reputation mechanism is introduced to support reputation assessment. Simulation results show that the proposed R-bUCRP can save node energy consumption, balance network energy distribution, and prolong network lifetime.

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EFFICIENT ROUTING PROTOCOL ALGORITHM FOR WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

Iraqi Journal for Computers and Informatics ◽

10.25195/ijci.v44i1.67 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

pp. 11-17

Author(s):

Sayed Seno ◽

Doaa Abd Ali ◽

Mohammed Mohammed

Keyword(s):

Wireless Sensor Networks ◽

Sensor Networks ◽

Routing Protocol ◽

Data Transfer ◽

Cluster Head ◽

Sensor Nodes ◽

Wireless Sensor ◽

Adaptive Clustering ◽

Energy Consuming ◽

Effective Transfer

Recently, different applications of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in the industry fields using different data transfer protocols has been developed. As the energy of sensor nodes is limited, prolonging network lifetime in WSNs considered a significant occurrence. To develop network permanence, researchers had considered energy consuming in routing protocols of WSNs by using modified Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy. This article presents a developed effective transfer protocols for autonomic WSNs. An efficient routing scheme for wireless sensor network regarded as significant components of electronic devices is proposed. An optimal election probability of a node to be cluster head has being presented. In addition, this article uses a Voronoi diagram, which decomposes the nodes into zone around each node. This diagram used in management architecture for WSNs.

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A Cluster-Head Rotating Election Routing Protocol for Energy Consumption Optimization in Wireless Sensor Networks

Complexity ◽

10.1155/2020/6660117 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Jun Wang ◽

Zhuangzhuang Du ◽

Zhengkun He ◽

Xunyang Wang

Keyword(s):

Wireless Sensor Networks ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Sensor Networks ◽

Routing Protocol ◽

Cluster Head ◽

Residual Energy ◽

Base Station ◽

Wireless Sensor ◽

Cluster Heads ◽

Cluster Head Election

Balancing energy consumption using the clustering routing algorithms is one of the most practical solutions for prolonging the lifetime of resource-limited wireless sensor networks (WSNs). However, existing protocols cannot adequately minimize and balance the total network energy dissipation due to the additional tasks of data acquisition and transmission of cluster heads. In this paper, a cluster-head rotating election routing protocol is proposed to alleviate the problem. We discovered that the regular hierarchical clustering method and the scheme of cluster-head election area division had positive effects on reducing the energy consumption of cluster head election and intracluster communication. The election criterion composed of location and residual energy factor was proved to lower the probability of premature death of cluster heads. The chain multihop path of intercluster communication was performed to save the energy of data aggregation to the base station. The simulation results showed that the network lifetime can be efficiently extended by regulating the adjustment parameters of the protocol. Compared with LEACH, I-LEACH, EEUC, and DDEEC, the algorithm demonstrated significant performance advantages by using the number of active nodes and residual energy of nodes as the evaluation indicators. On the basis of these results, the proposed routing protocols can be utilized to increase the capability of WSNs against energy constraints.

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Energy-Efficient QoS-Aware Intelligent Hybrid Clustered Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

Journal of Sensors ◽

10.1155/2019/8691878 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Parvinder Singh ◽

Rajeshwar Singh

Keyword(s):

Wireless Sensor Networks ◽

Sensor Networks ◽

Network Lifetime ◽

Routing Protocol ◽

Large Scale ◽

Fitness Function ◽

Geographical Area ◽

Cluster Head ◽

Sensor Nodes ◽

Wireless Sensor

A wireless sensor network consists of numerous low-power microsensor devices that can be deployed in a geographical area for remote sensing, surveillance, control, and monitoring applications. The advancements of wireless devices in terms of user-friendly interface, size, and deployment cost have given rise to many smart applications of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). However, certain issues like energy efficiency, long lifetime, and communication reliability restrict their large scale utilization. In WSNs, the cluster-based routing protocols assist nodes to collect, aggregate, and forward sensed data from event regions towards the sink node through minimum cost links. A clustering method helps to improve data transmission efficiency by dividing the sensor nodes into small groups. However, improper cluster head (CH) selection may affect the network lifetime, average network energy, and other quality of service (QoS) parameters. In this paper, a multiobjective clustering strategy is proposed to optimize the energy consumption, network lifetime, network throughput, and network delay. A fitness function has been formulated for heterogenous and homogenous wireless sensor networks. This fitness function is utilized to select an optimum CH for energy minimization and load balancing of cluster heads. A new hybrid clustered routing protocol is proposed based on fitness function. The simulation results conclude that the proposed protocol achieves better efficiency in increasing the network lifetime by 63%, 26%, and 10% compared with three well-known heterogeneous protocols: DEEC, EDDEEC, and ATEER, respectively. The proposed strategy also attains better network stability than a homogenous LEACH protocol.

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Optimized Cluster-Based Dynamic Energy-Aware Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks in Agriculture Precision

Journal of Sensors ◽

10.1155/2020/9040395 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-19 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Kashif Naseer Qureshi ◽

Muhammad Umair Bashir ◽

Jaime Lloret ◽

Antonio Leon

Keyword(s):

Wireless Sensor Networks ◽

Sensor Networks ◽

Routing Protocol ◽

Cluster Head ◽

Base Station ◽

Sensor Nodes ◽

Wireless Sensor ◽

Energy Aware ◽

Gateway Node ◽

Agriculture Sector

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are becoming one of the demanding platforms, where sensor nodes are sensing and monitoring the physical or environmental conditions and transmit the data to the base station via multihop routing. Agriculture sector also adopted these networks to promote innovations for environmental friendly farming methods, lower the management cost, and achieve scientific cultivation. Due to limited capabilities, the sensor nodes have suffered with energy issues and complex routing processes and lead to data transmission failure and delay in the sensor-based agriculture fields. Due to these limitations, the sensor nodes near the base station are always relaying on it and cause extra burden on base station or going into useless state. To address these issues, this study proposes a Gateway Clustering Energy-Efficient Centroid- (GCEEC-) based routing protocol where cluster head is selected from the centroid position and gateway nodes are selected from each cluster. Gateway node reduces the data load from cluster head nodes and forwards the data towards the base station. Simulation has performed to evaluate the proposed protocol with state-of-the-art protocols. The experimental results indicated the better performance of proposed protocol and provide more feasible WSN-based monitoring for temperature, humidity, and illumination in agriculture sector.

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