Vision-Based Guidance Line Detection in Row Crop Fields

Junglerice (Echinochloa colona) Control with Sequential Applications of Glyphosate and Clethodim to Dicamba

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/wet.2021.31 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-18

Author(s):

Clay M. Perkins ◽

Thomas C. Mueller ◽

Lawrence E. Steckel

Keyword(s):

Glyphosate Resistance ◽

Time Of Application ◽

Crop Fields ◽

Row Crop ◽

Excellent Control ◽

Sequential Treatments

Abstract Junglerice is becoming more prevalent in Tennessee, Arkansas and Mississippi row crop fields. The evolution of glyphosate-resistant junglerice populations is one reason for the increase. Another possible explanation is that glyphosate and clethodim grass activity is being antagonized by dicamba. This question has led to research to examine if sequential applications alleviate antagonism observed with dicamba plus glyphosate and/or clethodim mixtures and determine if 24 h, 72 h or 168 h sequential treatments of those herbicides can improve junglerice control. Glyphosate + clethodim applications provided >90% junglerice control. The observed levels of antagonism varied by whether the location of the test was in the greenhouse or the field and the timing of applications. In the greenhouse, clethodim + dicamba provided excellent control while in the field the same treatment showed over a 30% reduction in junglerice control compared with clethodim alone. However, control was restored by using a mixture of glyphosate + clethodim without dicamba. The environment at the time of application and relative glyphosate-resistance (GR) level of the junglerice influenced the overall control of these sequential applications. Clethodim applied first followed by dicamba at 72 or 168 h, better control was observed compared with applying dicamba followed by clethodim. Overall, mixing glyphosate + clethodim provided the most complete junglerice control regardless of timing. These data confirm that leaving dicamba out of the spray tank will mitigate herbicide antagonism on junglerice control. These data would also indicate that avoiding dicamba and glyphosate mixtures will also improve the consistency of control with glyphosate-susceptible junglerice.

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Does Pastoral Land-Use Legacy Influence Topsoil Carbon and Nitrogen Accrual Rates in Tallgrass Prairie Restorations?

Land ◽

10.3390/land10070735 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 735

Author(s):

Nicholas Glass ◽

Brenda Molano-Flores ◽

Eduardo Dias de Oliveira ◽

Erika Meraz ◽

Samira Umar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Tallgrass Prairie ◽

Soil Nutrient ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Legacy Effects ◽

Row Crops ◽

Carbon And Nitrogen ◽

Crop Fields ◽

Row Crop ◽

Prairie Restorations

Restoration can recover degraded ecosystems and ecosystem services. However, effects of restoration on soil nutrient accrual are difficult to predict, partly because prior land use affects rates of soil nutrient recovery. In tallgrass prairie restorations, land-use legacy effects have not yet been quantified. We investigated topsoil carbon and nitrogen accrual within seven land-use histories: (1) row crop agriculture, (2) pasture, (3) pasture converted from row crops, (4) prairie restored from row crop, (5) prairie restored from old pasture, (6) bison prairie restored from pasture and row crops, and (7) remnant prairie. Soil samples were collected in 2008 and again in 2018 at Midewin National Tallgrass Prairie in Will County, IL. Soil samples were analyzed for bulk density, root chemistry, macro- and micronutrients, and carbon. Restored prairies contained similar soil bulk densities and rates of topsoil carbon accrual compared to each other in 2018. However, restorations from row cropping accrued nitrogen more slowly than restorations from pastures. Additionally, pastures converted from crop fields exhibited fewer legacy effects than restorations converted from crop fields. This research illustrates land-use legacy effects on soil and nutrients during grassland restorations, with implications for potential restoration trajectories and their role in carbon sequestration and ecosystem functioning.

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Effect of rainfall timing and tillage on the transport of steroid hormones in runoff from manure amended row crop fields

Journal of Hazardous Materials ◽

10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.11.009 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 324 ◽

pp. 436-447 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Sagor Biswas ◽

William L. Kranz ◽

Charles A. Shapiro ◽

Daniel D. Snow ◽

Shannon L. Bartelt-Hunt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Steroid Hormones ◽

Crop Fields ◽

Row Crop

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Winter Preference for Weed Seed and Waste Grain by Native Mice in Row-Crop Agriculture

Weed Science ◽

10.1614/ws-d-16-00100.1 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 65 (3) ◽

pp. 406-412 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Jacob L. Berl ◽

Hunter A. Johnstone ◽

Jonathan Y. Wu ◽

Elizabeth A. Flaherty ◽

Robert K. Swihart

Keyword(s):

Deer Mouse ◽

Compositional Analysis ◽

Deer Mice ◽

Weed Seed ◽

Seed Predator ◽

Crop Fields ◽

Row Crop ◽

Giant Foxtail ◽

Weed Seeds ◽

Feeding Trials

Consumption of weed seeds and waste grains by seed predators is an important ecosystem service that helps to regulate weed and volunteer crop populations in many agricultural systems. The prairie deer mouse is found in a variety of sparsely vegetated habitats throughout the central United States and is the dominant vertebrate seed predator in row-crop fields (corn and soybean) in this region. Evaluating the preferences of prairie deer mice for common agricultural weed seeds and waste grain is important to understand the potential ability of native mice to regulate volunteer crops and weed populations. We evaluated winter seed preference of deer mice using cafeteria-style feeding trials presented within row-crop fields in central Indiana and used compositional analysis to compare proportional consumption of seeds from five common agricultural weeds (common ragweed, common cocklebur, common lambsquarters, velvetleaf, and giant foxtail) and two grains (corn and soybean) during overnight feeding trials. Prairie deer mice significantly preferred corn to all other available seed types. Ragweed and soybean were also readily consumed and were preferred over seeds other than corn. Giant foxtail was intermediately preferred. Our results show that prairie deer mice have clear preferences for certain seeds commonly available in row-crop fields; mice likely contribute to reduction of waste grain and some weed seed populations.

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