The thesis systematically researches electromagnetism and mechanical characteristic of primary segmented permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PS-PMLSM), and discusses the varying rules of coupling flux linkage and inductance of each stator segment. The paper propose the space vector modulation direct thrust control (SVM-DTC) algorithm that based on thrust and flux observer, but also analyzes and builds adaptive slide mode observer (SMO), which adopts multi-segment estimate back-EMF combined method and phase locked loops (PLL) to estimate the position and speed of mover. Owing to the methods above, they are able to efficiently solve application problems in PS-PMLSM, which can't be settled through the conventional SVM-DTC and sensorless controlling method. Finally, the effectiveness of the algorithms is verified by simulation test.