Abstract
This paper proposes the design and analysis of (2+α) order low pass Bessel filter using different optimization techniques. The coefficients of the proposed filter are found out by minimizing the error between transfer functions of (2+α) order low pass filter and third-order Bessel approximation using simulated annealing (SA), interior search algorithm (ISA), and nonlinear least square (NLS) optimization techniques. The best optimization technique based on the error in gain, cut off frequency, roll-off, passband, stopband, and phase is chosen for designing the proposed filter. The stability analysis of the proposed filter has also been done in W-plane. The simulated responses of the best optimized proposed filter are obtained using the FOMCON toolbox of MATLAB and SPICE. The circuit realization of 2.5 order low pass Bessel filter is done using two DVCCs (differential voltage current conveyors), one generalized impedance converter (GIC) based inductor, and one fractional capacitor. The proposed filter is implemented for the cut off frequency of 10 kHz using a wideband fractional capacitor. Monte Carlo noise analyses are also performed for the proposed filter. The MATLAB and SPICE results are shown in good agreement.
Third Order Low-Pass Filter Using Synthetic Immittance Elements with Current Conveyors
