Path Loss and Human Body Absorption Experiment for Breath Detection

In this invited paper, the authors introduce an overview of the fundamentals of radio frequency (RF) channel measurement and modeling techniques needed for localization inside the human body. To address these fundamentals, the authors use capsule endoscopy as an example application. The authors first provide the results of the Cramer Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) for received signal strength (RSS) based endoscopy capsule localization, inside the human body, using existing path-loss models for radio propagation. Then challenges demanding further research are highlighted for attaining more precise localization using the time-of-arrival (TOA) based ranging techniques.

Download Full-text

The Characterisation of Human Body Influence on Indoor 3.5 GHz Path Loss Measurement

2010 IEEE Wireless Communication and Networking Conference Workshops ◽

10.1109/wcncw.2010.5487656 ◽

2010 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Zhihua Lai ◽

Nik Bessis ◽

Guillaume de la Roche ◽

Pierre Kuonen ◽

Jie Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Body ◽

Path Loss ◽

Loss Measurement

Download Full-text

Advanced Biophysical Model to Capture Channel Variability for EQS Capacitive HBC

10.1101/2020.11.04.368779 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Arunashish Datta ◽

Mayukh Nath ◽

David Yang ◽

Shreyas Sen

Keyword(s):

Human Body ◽

Communication Channel ◽

Wireless Body Area Network ◽

Path Loss ◽

Biophysical Model ◽

Area Network ◽

Promising Alternative ◽

Channel Response ◽

Biophysical Models ◽

Channel Loss

AbstractHuman Body Communication (HBC) has come up as a promising alternative to traditional radio frequency (RF) Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) technologies. This is essentially due to HBC providing a broadband communication channel with enhanced signal security in the physical layer due to lower radiation from the human body as compared to its RF counterparts. An in-depth understanding of the mechanism for the channel loss variability and associated biophysical model needs to be developed before EQS-HBC can be used more frequently in WBAN consumer and medical applications. Biophysical models characterizing the human body as a communication channel didn’t exist in literature for a long time. Recent developments have shown models that capture the channel response for fixed transmitter and receiver positions on the human body. These biophysical models do not capture the variability in the HBC channel for varying positions of the devices with respect to the human body. In this study, we provide a detailed analysis of the change in path loss in a capacitive-HBC channel in the electroquasistatic (EQS) domain. Causes of channel loss variability namely: inter-device coupling and effects of fringe fields due to body’s shadowing effects are investigated. FEM based simulation results are used to analyze the channel response of human body for different positions and sizes of the device which are further verified using measurement results to validate the developed biophysical model. Using the bio-physical model, we develop a closed form equation for the path loss in a capacitive HBC channel which is then analyzed as a function of the geometric properties of the device and the position with respect to the human body which will help pave the path towards future EQS-HBC WBAN design.

Download Full-text

Minimizing path loss and improving security in wireless body area networks

International Journal of Intelligent Unmanned Systems ◽

10.1108/ijius-09-2020-0047 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Dinesh Kumar Anguraj ◽

Abul Bashar ◽

R. Nidhya ◽

P.K. Shimna ◽

Renjith V. Ravi

Keyword(s):

Life Span ◽

Human Body ◽

Wireless Body Area Network ◽

Path Loss ◽

The Body ◽

Main Role ◽

Area Network ◽

Sink Node ◽

Body Area ◽

Content Type

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is energy consumption and security. To extend the sensor’s life span, saving the energy in a sensor is important. In this paper, biosensors are implanted or suited on the human body, and then, transposition has been applied for biosensors for reducing the sensor distance from the sink node. After transposition path loss has been calculated, security is maintained and also compared the results with the existing strategies.Design/methodology/approachNowadays, one of the most emergent technologies is wireless body area network (WBAN), which represents to improve the quality of life and also allow for monitoring the remote patient and other health-care applications. Traffic routing plays a main role together with the relay nodes, which is used to collect the biosensor’s information and send it towards the sink.FindingsTo calculate the distance and observe the position, Euclidean distance technique is used. Path loss is the main parameter, which is needed to reduce for making better data transmission and to make the network stability. Routing protocols can be designed, with the help of proposed values of sensors locations in the human body, which gives good stability of network and lifetime. It helps to achieve as the less deplete energy.Originality/valueThis scheme is compared with the two existing schemes and shows the result in terms of parameter path loss. Moreover, this paper evaluated a new method for improving the security in WBAN. The main goal of this research is to find the optimal sensor location on the body and select the biosensor positions where they can get less energy while transmitting the data to the sink node, increasing the life span in biosensors, decreasing memory space, giving security, controlling the packet complexity and buffer overflow and also fixing the damages in the existing system.

Download Full-text

Analysis of Human Body Shadowing Effect on Wireless Sensor Networks Operating in the 2.4 GHz Band

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s18103412 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (10) ◽

pp. 3412 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Łukasz Januszkiewicz

Keyword(s):

Wireless Sensor Networks ◽

Sensor Networks ◽

Human Body ◽

Path Loss ◽

Small Region ◽

The Body ◽

Wireless Sensor ◽

Indoor Environments ◽

Human Body Model ◽

Shadowing Effect

Miniaturized wireless sensors are designed to run on limited power resources, requiring minimization of transmit power and lowering of the fade margin in the link budget. One factor that has an important impact on wireless sensor network design is path loss between the transmitter and the receiver. This paper presents an analysis of the influence of human bodies on path loss in the 2.4 GHz band, which is commonly used for wireless sensor networks. The effect of body shadowing was first analyzed in full wave computer simulations using the finite-difference time-domain method. Due to the high numerical burden, the simulations were limited to only a small region around the human body. To analyze the performance of networks in larger indoor environments, a human body model is proposed that can be used for simulations with a ray-based computer program. The proposed model of human body is the main contribution of this paper. It was used to analyze the body shadowing effect in a typical indoor environment. The results were found to be in good agreement with measurements.

Download Full-text