scholarly journals Advanced Biophysical Model to Capture Channel Variability for EQS Capacitive HBC

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arunashish Datta ◽  
Mayukh Nath ◽  
David Yang ◽  
Shreyas Sen
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Communication Channel ◽  
Wireless Body Area Network ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Biophysical Model ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Channel Response ◽  
Biophysical Models ◽  
Channel Loss

AbstractHuman Body Communication (HBC) has come up as a promising alternative to traditional radio frequency (RF) Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) technologies. This is essentially due to HBC providing a broadband communication channel with enhanced signal security in the physical layer due to lower radiation from the human body as compared to its RF counterparts. An in-depth understanding of the mechanism for the channel loss variability and associated biophysical model needs to be developed before EQS-HBC can be used more frequently in WBAN consumer and medical applications. Biophysical models characterizing the human body as a communication channel didn’t exist in literature for a long time. Recent developments have shown models that capture the channel response for fixed transmitter and receiver positions on the human body. These biophysical models do not capture the variability in the HBC channel for varying positions of the devices with respect to the human body. In this study, we provide a detailed analysis of the change in path loss in a capacitive-HBC channel in the electroquasistatic (EQS) domain. Causes of channel loss variability namely: inter-device coupling and effects of fringe fields due to body’s shadowing effects are investigated. FEM based simulation results are used to analyze the channel response of human body for different positions and sizes of the device which are further verified using measurement results to validate the developed biophysical model. Using the bio-physical model, we develop a closed form equation for the path loss in a capacitive HBC channel which is then analyzed as a function of the geometric properties of the device and the position with respect to the human body which will help pave the path towards future EQS-HBC WBAN design.

Minimizing path loss and improving security in wireless body area networks

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh Kumar Anguraj ◽  
Abul Bashar ◽  
R. Nidhya ◽  
P.K. Shimna ◽  
Renjith V. Ravi
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Wireless Body Area Network ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
The Body ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Sink Node ◽  
Body Area ◽  
Content Type

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is energy consumption and security. To extend the sensor’s life span, saving the energy in a sensor is important. In this paper, biosensors are implanted or suited on the human body, and then, transposition has been applied for biosensors for reducing the sensor distance from the sink node. After transposition path loss has been calculated, security is maintained and also compared the results with the existing strategies.Design/methodology/approachNowadays, one of the most emergent technologies is wireless body area network (WBAN), which represents to improve the quality of life and also allow for monitoring the remote patient and other health-care applications. Traffic routing plays a main role together with the relay nodes, which is used to collect the biosensor’s information and send it towards the sink.FindingsTo calculate the distance and observe the position, Euclidean distance technique is used. Path loss is the main parameter, which is needed to reduce for making better data transmission and to make the network stability. Routing protocols can be designed, with the help of proposed values of sensors locations in the human body, which gives good stability of network and lifetime. It helps to achieve as the less deplete energy.Originality/valueThis scheme is compared with the two existing schemes and shows the result in terms of parameter path loss. Moreover, this paper evaluated a new method for improving the security in WBAN. The main goal of this research is to find the optimal sensor location on the body and select the biosensor positions where they can get less energy while transmitting the data to the sink node, increasing the life span in biosensors, decreasing memory space, giving security, controlling the packet complexity and buffer overflow and also fixing the damages in the existing system.

scholarly journals Characterization of Wearable and Implanted Antennas: Test Procedure and Range Design

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Berkelmann ◽  
Dirk Manteuffel
Keyword(s):  
Test Procedure ◽  
Wireless Body Area Network ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Test Range ◽  
General Ability ◽  
Test Zone ◽  
Path Loss Measurements

A method for measuring de-embedded antenna parameters of wearable and implanted antennas for on-body communications is presented. It consists of a tapered flat phantom in order to characterize an antenna’s general ability to excite surface waves travelling along the boundary between body tissue and free space expressed by an angular on-body antenna gain. The design offers a test zone large enough for most typical Wireless Body Area Network devices up to smartphone-size while minimizing the required amount of tissue-simulating material. The designed antenna test range is validated in the 2.4 GHz ISM-band. In order to showcase the applicability to a realistic application, different designs of antennas integrated into an implanted pacemaker are characterized by their on-body gain patterns. A comparison of their performance in in-situ path-loss measurements reveals a clear relation to the on-body gain patterns and indicates that this parameter is a suitable measure for enabling educated antenna design for on-body applications.<br>

PROPAGATION CHARACTERIZATION OF IMPLANTABLE ANTENNA AT UWB FREQUENCY – A REVIEW

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maisarah Abu ◽  
Najmiah Radiah Mohamad ◽  
Adib Othman ◽  
Nor Azlan Mohd Aris ◽  
Indra Devi S. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Radio Wave ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Wireless Body Area Network ◽  
Data Rate ◽  
Healthcare Management ◽  
Implantable Device ◽  
Radio Wave Propagation ◽  
Ultra Wideband ◽  
Area Network

A technology of wireless body area network (WBAN) was invented in order to enhance the quality of healthcare management as well as to determine faster disease prevention. However, to obtain the real-time data of images and videos from inside the human body, an implantable device is required. Currently, the Medical Implant Communication System (MICS) is used, but, this system has limited data rate which is a narrow-band of 402 – 405 MHz. Thus, this study on Ultra Wideband (UWB) for implanted device is conducted as UWB offers a wide transmission bandwidth as well as high data rate. Knowledge of radio wave propagation behaviour inside human body is needed to perform the implantation. Past researches related to this topic are limited and those conducted focused only on the human torso. This paper aims to provide a better understanding on the characteristics of radio wave propagation inside the human body by using an implantable device at UWB frequency. It is also hoped that this study could be used as reference for future research on this subject.

A novel low-power compact WBS human body channel receiver for wearable vital signal sensing application in wireless body-area network

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 4459-4473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Lin ◽  
Bo Wang ◽  
Xing Zhang ◽  
Xinan Wang ◽  
Tingbin Ouyang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Wireless Body Area Network ◽  
Body Area Network ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Body Area ◽  
Sensing Application

scholarly journals Design of a Dual-Band On-Body Antenna for a Wireless Body Area Network Repeater System

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyeol Kwon ◽  
Jaegeun Ha ◽  
Soonyong Lee ◽  
Jaehoon Choi
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Return Loss ◽  
Wireless Body Area Network ◽  
Dual Band ◽  
Body Area Network ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Resonance Property ◽  
Body Area ◽  
Dual Band Antenna ◽  
Mics Band

A dual-band on-body antenna for a wireless body area network repeater system is proposed. The designed dual-band antenna has the maximum radiation directed toward the inside of the human body in the medical implantable communication service (MICS) band in order to collect vital information from the human body and directed toward the outside in the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band to transmit that information to a monitoring system. In addition, the return loss property of the antenna is insensitive to human body effects by utilizing the epsilon negative zeroth-order resonance property.

scholarly journals Characterization of Wearable and Implanted Antennas: Test Procedure and Range Design

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Berkelmann ◽  
Dirk Manteuffel
Keyword(s):  
Test Procedure ◽  
Wireless Body Area Network ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Test Range ◽  
General Ability ◽  
Test Zone ◽  
Path Loss Measurements

A method for measuring de-embedded antenna parameters of wearable and implanted antennas for on-body communications is presented. It consists of a tapered flat phantom in order to characterize an antenna’s general ability to excite surface waves travelling along the boundary between body tissue and free space expressed by an angular on-body antenna gain. The design offers a test zone large enough for most typical Wireless Body Area Network devices up to smartphone-size while minimizing the required amount of tissue-simulating material. The designed antenna test range is validated in the 2.4 GHz ISM-band. In order to showcase the applicability to a realistic application, different designs of antennas integrated into an implanted pacemaker are characterized by their on-body gain patterns. A comparison of their performance in in-situ path-loss measurements reveals a clear relation to the on-body gain patterns and indicates that this parameter is a suitable measure for enabling educated antenna design for on-body applications.<br>

scholarly journals E-PAP: Enhanced Priority Aware Protocol for Reliable Communication in Wireless Body Area Network

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 340-343
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
Body Movement ◽  
Wireless Body Area Network ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Body Area Network ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Body Area

Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) is a collection of miniaturized sensing nodes and coordinator nodes. These sensing nodes are placed in, on and around the body for uninterrupted monitoring of physiological data for medical applications. The main application carrier of WBAN is the human body and due to human body movement and physiological changes, the WBAN traffic fluctuates greatly. This network traffic fluctuation requires good network adaptability. In addition to traffic fluctuations, energy consumption is another key problem with WBANs as sensing nodes are very small in size. This paper design a reliable protocol by extending the MAC protocol for reducing energy consumption, PAP algorithm to decide data transmission rate and JOAR algorithm to select the optimize path for the data transmission. The performance of the algorithm outperforms other state of art algorithms to shows its significance.

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