Experimental characterization of radio signal propagation in indoor environments with application to estimation and control

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Fink ◽  
Nathan Michael ◽  
Alex Kushleyev ◽  
Vijay Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Radio Signal ◽  
Signal Propagation ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Experimental Characterization ◽  
Estimation And Control ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals Optimal Reduction of Multivariate Dirac Mixture Densities

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Uwe D. Hanebeck
Keyword(s):  
Distance Measure ◽  
Cumulative Distribution ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Continuous Domains ◽  
Estimation And Control ◽  
Von Mises ◽  
And Control ◽  
Optimal Reduction ◽  
Continuous Domain

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the optimal approximation of a given multivariate Dirac mixture, i.e., a density comprising weighted Dirac distributions on a continuous domain, by a Dirac mixture with a reduced number of components. The parameters of the approximating density are calculated by numerically minimizing a smooth distance measure, a generalization of the well-known Cramér–von Mises-Distance to the multivariate case. This generalization is achieved by defining an alternative to the classical cumulative distribution, the Localized Cumulative Distribution (LCD), as a smooth characterization of discrete random quantities (on continuous domains). The resulting approximation method provides the basis for various efficient nonlinear estimation and control methods.

Experimental Characterization of the Reliability of 3-Terminal Dual-Damascene Copper Interconnect Trees

2002 ◽  
Vol 716 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Gan ◽  
C. V. Thompson ◽  
K. L. Pey ◽  
W. K. Choi ◽  
F. Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Experimental Characterization ◽  
Contact Lines ◽  
Tree Structures ◽  
Similar Test ◽  
Dual Damascene ◽  
Copper Interconnect ◽  
Test Conditions

AbstractElectromigration experiments have been carried out on simple Cu dual-damascene interconnect tree structures consisting of straight via-to-via (or contact-to-contact) lines with an extra via in the middle of the line. As with Al-based interconnects, the reliability of a segment in this tree strongly depends on the stress conditions of the connected segment. Beyond this, there are important differences in the results obtained under similar test conditions for Al-based and Cu-based interconnect trees. These differences are thought to be associated with variations in the architectural schemes of the two metallizations. The absence of a conducting electromigrationresistant overlayer in Cu technology, and the possibility of liner rupture at stressed vias lead to significant differences in tree reliabilities in Cu compared to Al.

Experimental Characterization of Mechanical Behavior of Cord-Rubber Composites

1982 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kumar ◽  
C. W. Bert
Keyword(s):  
Response Characteristic ◽  
Cord Compression ◽  
Complete Characterization ◽  
Strain Response ◽  
Strain Gages ◽  
Experimental Characterization ◽  
Rubber Composites ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Strain Data

Abstract Unidirectional cord-rubber specimens in the form of tensile coupons and sandwich beams were used. Using specimens with the cords oriented at 0°, 45°, and 90° to the loading direction and appropriate data reduction, we were able to obtain complete characterization for the in-plane stress-strain response of single-ply, unidirectional cord-rubber composites. All strains were measured by means of liquid mercury strain gages, for which the nonlinear strain response characteristic was obtained by calibration. Stress-strain data were obtained for the cases of both cord tension and cord compression. Materials investigated were aramid-rubber, polyester-rubber, and steel-rubber.

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