scholarly journals Real-Time MPC for Residential Building Water Heater Systems to Support the Electric Grid

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Starke ◽  
J. Munk ◽  
H. Zandi ◽  
T. Kuruganti ◽  
H. Buckberry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Electric Grid ◽  
Water Heater

scholarly journals Performance Modeling Comparison of a Solar Combisystem and Solar Water Heater

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
John L. Sustar ◽  
Jay Burch ◽  
Moncef Krarti
Keyword(s):  
Energy Savings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
System Size ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Space Heating ◽  
Solar Water Heater ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Heating Loads

As homes move toward zero energy performance, some designers are drawn toward the solar combisystem due to its ability to increase the energy savings as compared to solar water heater (SWH) systems. However, it is not trivial as to the extent of incremental savings these systems will yield as compared to SWH systems, since the savings are highly dependent on system size and the domestic hot water (DHW) and space heating loads of the residential building. In this paper, the performance of a small combisystem and SWH, as a function of location, size, and load, is investigated using annual simulations. For benchmark thermal loads, the percent increased savings from a combisystem relative to a SWH can be as high as 8% for a 6 m2 system and 27% for a 9 m2 system in locations with a relatively high solar availability during the heating load season. These incremental savings increase significantly in scenarios with higher space heating loads and low DHW loads.

scholarly journals Energy Analysis of a Complementary Heating System Combining Solar Energy and Coal for a Rural Residential Building in Northwest China

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Xiaofei Zhen ◽  
Jinping Li ◽  
Yassir Idris Abdalla Osman ◽  
Rong Feng ◽  
Xuemin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Prototype Model ◽  
Dual Function ◽  
Solar Water Heater ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Solar Water

In order to utilize solar energy to meet the heating demands of a rural residential building during the winter in the northwestern region of China, a hybrid heating system combining solar energy and coal was built. Multiple experiments to monitor its performance were conducted during the winter in 2014 and 2015. In this paper, we analyze the efficiency of the energy utilization of the system and describe a prototype model to determine the thermal efficiency of the coal stove in use. Multiple linear regression was adopted to present the dual function of multiple factors on the daily heat-collecting capacity of the solar water heater; the heat-loss coefficient of the storage tank was detected as well. The prototype model shows that the average thermal efficiency of the stove is 38%, which means that the energy input for the building is divided between the coal and solar energy, 39.5% and 60.5% energy, respectively. Additionally, the allocation of the radiation of solar energy projecting into the collecting area of the solar water heater was obtained which showed 49% loss with optics and 23% with the dissipation of heat, with only 28% being utilized effectively.

scholarly journals Real-time indoor air quality monitoring association with humidity, temperature, and carbon monoxide level in the residential environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Mahanijah Md Kamal ◽  
Ahmad Syahir Sazali ◽  
Suzi Seroja Sarnin
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Residential Environment ◽  
Living Room ◽  
Reading Levels ◽  
Temperature Levels

Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) is the air quality in or around a building that can affect the comfort and health of building occupants. Polluted air contains toxic gases emitted by industry, vehicle emissions, and increased concentrations of harmful gases and particles in the atmosphere. The use of IoT can monitor IAQ reading levels and update IAQ real-time information parameters at different locations in the residential environment for the comfort and health of the occupants. The focus of this work is to measure the level of carbon monoxide (CO) as well as other important parameters such as temperature and relative humidity (RH) as recommended by ASHRAE 55-1992 and MS:1525. The developed system was built using NodeMCU as a microcontroller, MQ-7 to measure CO levels, and DHT22 sensor to measure the humidity and temperature levels. The experiment was conducted in a residential building located in Paya Jaras Tengah, Sungai Buloh, Selangor. The developed system was measured in three different locations, namely the living room, kitchen, and bedroom. In the morning, as the RH increased, the temperature also increased. Since the living room is located nearby the main road, the CO reading was higher than the other two locations, in which the highest value of 12 ppm was recorded. The results obtained showed that the system works well and can record the readings of RH, temperature, and CO level in the residential environment. Therefore, a reliable system can be developed to help the residential occupants monitor the level of IAQ in the house.

scholarly journals Simulation of Energy Exchange between Single Prosumer Residential Building and Utility Grid

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1553
Author(s):  
Andres Annuk ◽  
Wahiba Yaïci ◽  
Matti Lehtonen ◽  
Risto Ilves ◽  
Toivo Kabanen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Flow ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Energy Exchange ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Production Equipment ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Wind Generators ◽  
Production And Consumption

Modern households usually have independent energy sources such as wind generators, photovoltaic (PV) panels, and similar green energy production equipment. Experts predict that soon, there will be an increasing number of such prosumers who both produce and consume energy. This process alleviates and reduces the load on large national electricity networks and also contributes to overall energy security. In this paper, a simulation model of a household, which employs a wind generator as its independent source of electricity, is developed. It is expected that this approach will be easily replicated for more complex configurations. The other components of the single prosumer microgrid that will be assessed are the non-shiftable electricity consumption equipment, which is used mainly in households and deployed separately for water heater, with a separate battery to meet the needs of these non-shiftable consumers. The 5-min data intervals for the year of simulation have been used. The characteristics of energy flow according to production and consumption schedules and the capacity of storage equipment have been modelled and simulated. Results disclose that wind turbine production size and buffer battery have a crucial impact on the demand cover factor.

Real-Time Construction Waste Reduction Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

2020 ◽  
pp. 610-625
Author(s):  
Wallace Imoudu Enegbuma ◽  
Jibril Adewale Bamgbade ◽  
Cosmas Pang Han Ming ◽  
Chukwuka Christian Ohueri ◽  
Bruno Lot Tanko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Waste Reduction ◽  
Construction Monitoring ◽  
Construction Waste ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Deployment Time

The paradigm shift towards waste reduction in the construction industry has produced revolutionary techniques in assessing and mitigating waste during the construction lifecycle. Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) technology presents potentials in real-time construction waste management for informed decision-making processes for site managers. Due to the dynamic and complex construction work environment, material and equipment, labour and management policies are subjected to latent and identified hazards. Therefore, this chapter focuses on the real time impact of construction waste. UAV technology was adopted. UAV flight mission and deployment time were designed to meet target requirements and snapshot checklist. Data images were captured from an 11-storey residential building and analysed for conformity to construction waste and safety requirements. The prevalence of exposed material and equipment, low labour awareness, and need for policy shift to circular economy was predominant. Further studies can explore multiple construction monitoring and other category of construction works.

The Design and Implementation of an Automatic Tracking System of Solar Energy Based on the PID Control Algorithm

2011 ◽  
Vol 148-149 ◽  
pp. 692-696
Author(s):  
Zhi Long Zhao ◽  
Zheng Bo Li ◽  
Man Man Ma
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Pid Control ◽  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Incident Angle ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Solar Water Heater ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Solar Water

This text, under the guidance of PID control algorithm, designs and implements a new type of solar water heater which can change orientation of its solar panel in real time to automatically follow the direction where the light is strongest by sensing the incident angle of the sun. Tests show that the new solar water heater can succeed in keeping a real-time trace of light source, which can effectively meliorate the traditional solar water heater's shortcoming of producing insufficient heat in winter in some areas and greatly improve the utilization efficiency of solar energy.

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