The concept of head loss coefficients K for the determination of losses in conduit components is discussed in detail. While so far it has only been applied to fully turbulent flows it is extended here to also cover the laminar flow regime. Specific numbers of K can be determined by integration of the entropy production field (second law analysis). This general approach is discussed and illustrated with the specific example of a conical diffusor.
3-D Assembly Methods to Fabricate Multi-Metal Electrodes Implanted PDMS Structures for Micro Flow Devices