Analyzing Unconstrained Reading Patterns of Digital Documents Using Eye Tracking

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhanuka Mahanama ◽  
Gavindya Jayawardena ◽  
Sampath Jayarathna
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Digital Documents ◽  
Reading Patterns

scholarly journals Mining reading patterns from eye-tracking data: method and demonstration

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constantina Ioannou ◽  
Indira Nurdiani ◽  
Andrea Burattin ◽  
Barbara Weber
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Tracking Data ◽  
Reading Patterns

scholarly journals Visual Patterns in Reading Tasks: An Eye-Tracking Analysis of Meares-Irlen Syndrome Simulation Effects

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Vitor Macedo Romera ◽  
Rafael Nobre Orsi ◽  
Rodrigo Filev Maia ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Thomaz
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Cognitive System ◽  
Visual Patterns ◽  
Irlen Syndrome ◽  
Visual Stress ◽  
Reading Patterns

This work investigates reading patterns based on effects of the Meares-Irlen Syndrome (SMI), a visual-perception deficit that affects indirectly our cognitive system. The most common symptoms related to SMI in reading tasks are visual stress, sensation of moving letters and distortions in the text. These effects have been computationally simulated here and using eye-tracking information of a number of participants we have been able to linearly classify each effects with high accuracy.

scholarly journals Look before you leap

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Koops van ’t Jagt ◽  
John Hoeks ◽  
Gillis J. Dorleijn ◽  
Petra Hendriks
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Reading Patterns ◽  
Physical Layout ◽  
Integrative Processes

This study describes two eye tracking experiments investigating the processing of poetry with and without enjambments. In Experiment 1, poetic fragments with authentic prospective (syntactically incomplete) or retrospective (syntactically complete) enjambments were investigated; in Experiment 2, enjambments were created — for the purpose of the experiment — from poetry that did not originally contain enjambments. We hypothesized that the layout of the text in poetic fragments would affect the degree to which integrative processes take place: in case of prospective enjambments, the syntactic incompleteness may preclude integration at the end of the line (before going to the next line), whereas retrospective enjambments may cause considerable re-interpretation at the next line. We indeed found significant differences in reading patterns between prose and poetry, poetry with and without enjambment, and poetry with prospective and retrospective enjambment. We interpret these results as favoring a dynamic model of language processing, where the amount and type of integration is determined by syntactic (in)completeness, semantic (in)completeness, but also the physical layout of the text.

scholarly journals Full Access to Cultural Spaces (FACS): Mapping and evaluating museum access services using mobile eye-tracking technology

Ars Aeterna ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-38
Author(s):  
Francesca Raffi
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
National Cinema ◽  
Museum Visitors ◽  
Cultural Spaces ◽  
Reading Patterns ◽  
The University ◽  
Access Services

Abstract The present paper aims to present significant results stemming from the FACS (Full Access to Cultural Spaces) project, launched in 2014 by the University of Macerata and concluded in 2016. In particular, this paper reports on stages one and two of the FACS project which aimed first to explore the state of the art of universal access services across a large variety of museums in Italy and nine other EU countries. Based on the first stage, an analysis of some of the most significant data obtained from a questionnaire sent out to over 1,200 European museums will be presented, with a special focus on multilingual devices and access services for the sensory impaired. The first stage was followed by an eye-tracking study on an Italian museum, Turin’s Museo Nazionale del Cinema (National Cinema Museum), aimed at evaluating visitors’ experience, attitudes and patterns of fruition through a test with a portable eye tracker (Tobii Pro Glasses 2, 50 Hz). Based on this second stage, the fruition of information panels by museum visitors at the Museo Nazionale del Cinema will be explored, specifically focusing on reading patterns and behaviours.

scholarly journals When nothing goes right, go left: A large-scale evaluation of bidirectional self-paced reading

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Paape ◽  
Shravan Vasishth
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Feature Matching ◽  
Conscious Awareness ◽  
Online Reading ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Scale Evaluation ◽  
Garden Path ◽  
Reading Patterns ◽  
Acceptability Judgments

In two web-based experiments, we evaluated the bidirectional self-paced reading (BSPR) paradigm recently proposed by Paape and Vasishth (2021). We used four sentence types: NP/Z garden-path sentences, RRC garden-path sentences, sentences containing inconsistent discourse continuations, and sentences containing reflexive anaphors with feature-matching but grammatically unavailable antecedents. Our results show that regressions in BSPR are associated with a decrease in positive acceptability judgments. Across all sentence types, we observed online reading patterns that are consistent with the existing eye-tracking literature. NP/Z but not RRC garden-path sentences also showed some indication of selective rereading, as predicted by the selective reanalysis hypothesis of Frazier and Rayner (1982). However, selective rereading was associated with decreased rather than increased sentence acceptability, which is not in line with the selective reanalysis hypothesis. We discuss the implications regarding the connection between selective rereading and conscious awareness, and for the use of BSPR in general.

Reading patterns and cognitive processing in an eye-tracking study of note-reading in consecutive interpreting

Interpreting ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sijia Chen ◽  
Jan-Louis Kruger ◽  
Stephen Doherty
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Tracking Data ◽  
Note Reading ◽  
Reading Patterns ◽  
Consecutive Interpreting

Abstract This article reports on the eye-tracking data collected from 18 professional interpreters while they performed consecutive interpreting with notes. It is a pioneering study in its visualisation of the way in which note-reading occurs. Preliminary evidence suggests that note-reading proceeds in a nonlinear manner. The data collected in this study also report on indicators of cognitive processing in consecutive interpreting, particularly during note-reading, which appears to be a cognitively demanding process. It differs from reading for comprehension in various ways, while staying closer to reading in sight translation. In addition, the data show that the note-taking choices made during Phase I of consecutive interpreting, in which interpreters listen to the source speech and write notes, affect the level of cognitive load in Phase II, in which interpreters read back their notes and produce a target speech.

scholarly journals Through (Tracking) Their Eyes: Abstraction and Complexity in Program Comprehension

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-33
Author(s):  
Philipp Kather ◽  
Rodrigo Duran ◽  
Jan Vahrenhold
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Mental Models ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Program Comprehension ◽  
Program Execution ◽  
Element Interactivity ◽  
Advanced Students ◽  
Short Piece ◽  
Reading Patterns

Previous studies on writing and understanding programs presented evidence that programmers beyond a novice stage utilize plans or plan-like structures. Other studies on code composition showed that learners have difficulties with writing, reading, and debugging code where interacting plans are merged into a short piece of code. In this article, we focus on the question of how different code-composition strategies and the familiarity with code affect program comprehension on a more abstract, i.e., algorithmic level. Using an eye-tracking setup, we explored how advanced students comprehend programs and their underlying algorithms written in either a merged or abutted (sequenced) composition of code blocks of varying familiarity. The effects of familiarity and code composition were studied both isolated and in combination. Our analysis of the quantitative data adds to our understanding of the behavior reported in previous studies and the effects of plans and their composition on the programs’ difficulty. Using this data along with retrospective interviews, we analyze students’ reading patterns and provide support that subjects were able to form mental models of program execution during task performance. Furthermore, our results suggest that subjects are able to retrieve and create schemata when the program is composed of familiar templates, which may improve their performance; we found indicators for a higher element-interactivity for programs with a merged code composition compared to abutted code composition.

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