Identifying Reading Patterns with Eye-tracking Visual Analytics

This work investigates reading patterns based on effects of the Meares-Irlen Syndrome (SMI), a visual-perception deﬁcit that affects indirectly our cognitive system. The most common symptoms related to SMI in reading tasks are visual stress, sensation of moving letters and distortions in the text. These effects have been computationally simulated here and using eye-tracking information of a number of participants we have been able to linearly classify each effects with high accuracy.

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Look before you leap

Scientific Study of Literature ◽

10.1075/ssol.4.1.01jag ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 3-24 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Ruth Koops van ’t Jagt ◽

John Hoeks ◽

Gillis J. Dorleijn ◽

Petra Hendriks

Keyword(s):

Eye Tracking ◽

Dynamic Model ◽

Language Processing ◽

Reading Patterns ◽

Physical Layout ◽

Integrative Processes

This study describes two eye tracking experiments investigating the processing of poetry with and without enjambments. In Experiment 1, poetic fragments with authentic prospective (syntactically incomplete) or retrospective (syntactically complete) enjambments were investigated; in Experiment 2, enjambments were created — for the purpose of the experiment — from poetry that did not originally contain enjambments. We hypothesized that the layout of the text in poetic fragments would affect the degree to which integrative processes take place: in case of prospective enjambments, the syntactic incompleteness may preclude integration at the end of the line (before going to the next line), whereas retrospective enjambments may cause considerable re-interpretation at the next line. We indeed found significant differences in reading patterns between prose and poetry, poetry with and without enjambment, and poetry with prospective and retrospective enjambment. We interpret these results as favoring a dynamic model of language processing, where the amount and type of integration is determined by syntactic (in)completeness, semantic (in)completeness, but also the physical layout of the text.

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Full Access to Cultural Spaces (FACS): Mapping and evaluating museum access services using mobile eye-tracking technology

Ars Aeterna ◽

10.1515/aa-2017-0007 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 18-38

Author(s):

Francesca Raffi

Keyword(s):

Eye Tracking ◽

Universal Access ◽

Special Focus ◽

Eye Tracker ◽

National Cinema ◽

Museum Visitors ◽

Cultural Spaces ◽

Reading Patterns ◽

The University ◽

Access Services

Abstract The present paper aims to present significant results stemming from the FACS (Full Access to Cultural Spaces) project, launched in 2014 by the University of Macerata and concluded in 2016. In particular, this paper reports on stages one and two of the FACS project which aimed first to explore the state of the art of universal access services across a large variety of museums in Italy and nine other EU countries. Based on the first stage, an analysis of some of the most significant data obtained from a questionnaire sent out to over 1,200 European museums will be presented, with a special focus on multilingual devices and access services for the sensory impaired. The first stage was followed by an eye-tracking study on an Italian museum, Turin’s Museo Nazionale del Cinema (National Cinema Museum), aimed at evaluating visitors’ experience, attitudes and patterns of fruition through a test with a portable eye tracker (Tobii Pro Glasses 2, 50 Hz). Based on this second stage, the fruition of information panels by museum visitors at the Museo Nazionale del Cinema will be explored, specifically focusing on reading patterns and behaviours.

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VisME: Visual microsaccades explorer

Journal of Eye Movement Research ◽

10.16910/jemr.12.6.5 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Tanja Munz ◽

Lewis L. Chuang ◽

Sebastian Pannasch ◽

Daniel Weiskopf

Keyword(s):

Eye Tracking ◽

Visual Analytics ◽

Movement Direction ◽

Data Sets ◽

Tracking Data ◽

Interactive Tools ◽

Brushing And Linking ◽

Parameter Values ◽

Filter Algorithms

This work presents a visual analytics approach to explore microsaccade distributions in high-frequency eye tracking data. Research studies often apply filter algorithms and parameter values for microsaccade detection. Even when the same algorithms are employed, different parameter values might be adopted across different studies. In this paper, we present a visual analytics system (VisME) to promote reproducibility in the data analysis of microsaccades. It allows users to interactively vary the parametric values for microsaccade filters and evaluate the resulting influence on microsaccade behavior across individuals and on a group level. In particular, we exploit brushing-and-linking techniques that allow the microsaccadic properties of space, time, and movement direction to be extracted, visualized, and compared across multiple views. We demonstrate in a case study the use of our visual analytics system on data sets collected from natural scene viewing and show in a qualitative usability study the usefulness of this approach for eye tracking researchers. We believe that interactive tools such as VisME will promote greater transparency in eye movement research by providing researchers with the ability to easily understand complex eye tracking data sets; such tools can also serve as teaching systems. VisME is provided as open source software.

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When nothing goes right, go left: A large-scale evaluation of bidirectional self-paced reading

10.31234/osf.io/d7pvz ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Dario Paape ◽

Shravan Vasishth

Keyword(s):

Eye Tracking ◽

Large Scale ◽

Feature Matching ◽

Conscious Awareness ◽

Online Reading ◽

Web Based ◽

Scale Evaluation ◽

Garden Path ◽

Reading Patterns ◽

Acceptability Judgments

In two web-based experiments, we evaluated the bidirectional self-paced reading (BSPR) paradigm recently proposed by Paape and Vasishth (2021). We used four sentence types: NP/Z garden-path sentences, RRC garden-path sentences, sentences containing inconsistent discourse continuations, and sentences containing reflexive anaphors with feature-matching but grammatically unavailable antecedents. Our results show that regressions in BSPR are associated with a decrease in positive acceptability judgments. Across all sentence types, we observed online reading patterns that are consistent with the existing eye-tracking literature. NP/Z but not RRC garden-path sentences also showed some indication of selective rereading, as predicted by the selective reanalysis hypothesis of Frazier and Rayner (1982). However, selective rereading was associated with decreased rather than increased sentence acceptability, which is not in line with the selective reanalysis hypothesis. We discuss the implications regarding the connection between selective rereading and conscious awareness, and for the use of BSPR in general.

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Reading patterns and cognitive processing in an eye-tracking study of note-reading in consecutive interpreting

Interpreting ◽

10.1075/intp.00050.che ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sijia Chen ◽

Jan-Louis Kruger ◽

Stephen Doherty

Keyword(s):

Eye Tracking ◽

Phase I ◽

Cognitive Load ◽

Cognitive Processing ◽

Phase Ii ◽

Preliminary Evidence ◽

Tracking Data ◽

Note Reading ◽

Reading Patterns ◽

Consecutive Interpreting

Abstract This article reports on the eye-tracking data collected from 18 professional interpreters while they performed consecutive interpreting with notes. It is a pioneering study in its visualisation of the way in which note-reading occurs. Preliminary evidence suggests that note-reading proceeds in a nonlinear manner. The data collected in this study also report on indicators of cognitive processing in consecutive interpreting, particularly during note-reading, which appears to be a cognitively demanding process. It differs from reading for comprehension in various ways, while staying closer to reading in sight translation. In addition, the data show that the note-taking choices made during Phase I of consecutive interpreting, in which interpreters listen to the source speech and write notes, affect the level of cognitive load in Phase II, in which interpreters read back their notes and produce a target speech.

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