Possibilities of Modelling the Coordinated Maneuver of Units in Difficult Terrain Conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Nohel ◽  
Pavel Zahradnicek ◽  
Zdenek Flasar ◽  
Ludek Rak
Keyword(s):  
Difficult Terrain

scholarly journals Verification of geophysical models in Alpine permafrost using borehole information

2000 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 300-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel S. Vonder Mühll ◽  
Christian Hauck ◽  
Frank Lehmann
Keyword(s):  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Swiss Alps ◽  
Rock Glacier ◽  
Surface Microtopography ◽  
Refraction Seismics ◽  
Geophysical Surveys ◽  
Ground Conditions ◽  
Lateral Extent ◽  
Ice Content ◽  
Difficult Terrain

AbstractAt two permafrost sites in the Swiss Alps a range of geophysical methods were applied to model the structure of the subsurface. At both sites, borehole information was used to verify the quality of the model results. On the Murtèl-Corvatsch rock glacier (2700 m a.s.L; upper Engadine) a 58 m deep core drilling was performed in 1987. D. c resistivity measurements, refraction seismics, ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and gravimetric surveys allowed the shape of the permafrost table beneath the marked surface microtopography to be determined and the lateral extent of a deeper shear horizon to be established The validity of each method was verified by the borehole information (cores, density log and temperature). A coherent model of the rock-glacier structure was developed. At the Schilthorn (2970 m a.s.L; Bernese Oberland), it was not clear whether permafrost is in fact present. Various geophysical surveys (d.c. resistivity tomography, refraction seismics, GPR and EM-31) gave results that were not typical of permafrost environments. A 14 m percussion drilling revealed warm permafrost and a very low ice content. These geotechnical and geothermal data allowed reinterpretation of the geophysical results, improving modelling of ground conditions. The paper demonstrates that in the difficult terrain of Alpine permafrost, boreholes may be critical in calibration and verification of the results of geophysical methods. The most useful combinations of geophysical techniques proved to be (a) seismics with d.c. resistivity, and (b) gravimetry with GPR.

The Politics of The Grain Trade in Iraq c. 1840-1917

1991 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 151-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hala Fattah
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Grain Trade ◽  
The Many ◽  
Difficult Terrain ◽  
The Military

Anyone who watched the televison coverage of, or read about the African famine some years ago could not help but be appalled by the many obstacles erected to impede the progress of getting food to the starving millions in Ethiopia, Somalia and the Sudan. While it is true that the difficult terrain, an inhospitable climate and the lack of rain were partly responsible for the large-scale spread of famine and dearth in the African sub-continent, it is also true that local governments were responsible for creating impediments to the alleviation of mass hunger and starvation. Governments waging war against secessionist regimes and rebel armies used political means—primarily blockades of grain and other foodstuffs—to starve the enemy forces, creating misery among the military as well as civilian populations in the rebel areas.

scholarly journals Head for the Hills

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
William Briscoe
Keyword(s):  
Complex Terrain ◽  
Visual Programming ◽  
City Council ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Generative Design ◽  
Urban Theory ◽  
Urban Networks ◽  
Difficult Terrain ◽  
Visual Programming Language ◽  
The City

<p><b>In the context of urban design, generative design has been examined as a tool for expansion or optimisation of existing urban networks. This optimisation uses information such as geometry of the existing urban fabric and available space for expansion. However, very little research exists into designing around terrain factors, instead usually opting to consider difficult terrain as simply a boundary for network expansion. </b></p> <p>This research seeks to answer the question ‘How can generative design improve the way urban networks are designed in complex terrain?’ It does this by creating a tool that can interpret any terrain information, and with simple designer input, can create conceptual urban schemes in complex terrain. </p> <p>The tool is developed using visual programming language Grasshopper, an extension for the Rhinoceros3D modelling software. Its development and proof-of-concept scheme are executed in Wellington, New Zealand. The city is one uniquely situated between harbour and steep hills, leading to several typologies of hillside urban schemes to use as precedent and comparison with the tool’s outputs. The Wellington City Council Urban Growth Plan anticipates an increase of 80,000 people in the next 30 years, and the city requires additional areas to house the growing population. </p> <p>Through a discussion of urban theory and existing generative design exemplars, the thesis settles on an urban grid-based logic for the tool. The thesis then records the process of designing the tool, using a Wellington site as a base for development. </p> <p>Evaluation of the tool is undertaken using space syntax theory as a key framework, as well as qualitative comparisons with existing hill suburbs in Wellington.</p>

Development of China's Overland Transportation Links with Central, South-west and South Asia

2006 ◽  
Vol 185 ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Garver
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
The West ◽  
South West ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Difficult Terrain ◽  
Central South

The development of China's western regions was for a long time hampered by the difficult terrain of the area and its distance from the sea and hence maritime commerce. However China now has the fiscal wherewithal to invest in modern transportation technology and build railways and roads to link its west to the oceans. These networks will bring an acceleration of rates of development in the west to bring it more nearly in line with the east, and are a manifestation of China's economic rise. A second dimension is that the new lines of transportation will be bearers of Chinese influence to Central, South-west and South Asia. Trade flows and inter-dependencies will develop, and China's role in the regions to its west and south-west will increase.

Black Workers Matter

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael K. Honey
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Civil Rights Movement ◽  
Black Community ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Black Workers ◽  
Black Freedom Struggle ◽  
Freedom Struggle ◽  
Racial Capitalism ◽  
Working People ◽  
Difficult Terrain

What happened to Martin Luther King’s dream of economic equality in Memphis? For most of the city’s history, 80 percent or more of the black community has consisted of black workers. Slavery set the terms of cheap labor as the measure of profitability in Memphis, and white economic elites have pursued that measure of profitability ever since, but not without resistance from black working people. Drawing on the last thirty years of research on Memphis labor and race relations, this essay surveys the struggles of black workers and the black community as a whole for economic advancement. After documenting decisive, powerful advances for African Americans in Memphis during the “long civil rights movement” from 1934 to 1968, the essay surveys the fate of the black working class and poses questions about the legacy of the freedom struggle in the fifty years since 1968, during which time more educated and politically involved people have advanced, while the fate of undereducated, underpaid, or unemployed working people has worsened. The legacy of the black freedom struggle in Memphis continues in the increasingly difficult terrain of America’s racial capitalism in the twenty-first-century global economy.

scholarly journals Retinal laser services in Bhutan: a 3-year national survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhim B. Rai ◽  
Michael G. Morley ◽  
Pema Zangmo ◽  
Thukten Tshering ◽  
Abi N. Khatiwara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Macular Oedema ◽  
Public Transport System ◽  
Vein Occlusion ◽  
Pan Retinal Photocoagulation ◽  
Laser Treatments ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Operating Theatres ◽  
Referral Hospitals ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Difficult Terrain

Abstract Background We conducted this study to report on the indications and types of retinal laser therapy (RLT) performed in Bhutan, knowing which is critical for proper planning and successful delivery of the services. Methods We reviewed the laser registers maintained in the laser rooms and vitreoretinal (VR) operating theatres (including paediatric cases managed under anaesthesia) over three years at the national and the two regional referral hospitals (RRHs). Intraoperative laser treatments (endolaser) were excluded. Patient demography, indications and types of RLT were recorded and quantified. Comparisons of the expected and observed frequencies used Chi-squared tests. Results A total of 685 patients, including 8 cases of bilateral retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) received RLT. The majority of patients (411 cases, 60.0%, p < 0.0001) were males. The mean age was 54.1 ± 14.1 years, median 56 years. The most common indications for RLT were diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic macular oedema (DMO) (542 cases, 66.0%), followed by retinal vein occlusion (RVO) (91 cases, 13.3%). Pan-retinal photocoagulation was the most common type of RLT performed (337 cases, 49.2%), followed by modified grid laser (207 cases, 30.2%), sectoral laser (41 cases, 6.0%), and prophylactic laser photocoagulation (33 cases, 4.8%). Conclusions The majority of patients were within working-age. Common indications for RLT were preventable such as DR, DMO and RVO, indicating need to control systemic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidaemia. Currently, regular RLT is provided only at the national referral hospital in Thimphu, and periodically in the eastern and central RRHs when the retinal specialist visits. There is need to extend the retinal services to the eastern and central RRHs to improve accessibility and patient coverage in these regions challenged with difficult terrain and poor public transport system.

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