Abstract
Currently, localization in distributed massive MIMO (DM-MIMO) systems based on the fingerprinting (FP) approach has attracted great interest. However, this method suffers from severe multipath and signal degradation such that its accuracy is deteriorated in complex propagation environments, which results in variable
received signal strength (RSS).
Therefore, providing robust and accurate localization is the goal of this work. In this paper, we propose an FP-based approach to improve the accuracy of localization by reducing the noise and the dimensions of the RSS data. In the proposed approach, the fingerprints rely solely on the RSS from the single-antenna MT collected at each of the receive antenna elements of the massive MIMO base station. After creating a radio map, principal component analysis (PCA) is performed to reduce the noise and redundancy. PCA reduces the data dimension which leads to the selection of the appropriate antennas and reduces complexity. A clustering algorithm based on K-means and affinity propagation clustering (APC) is employed to divide the whole area into several regions which improves positioning precision and reduces complexity and latency. Finally, in order to have high precise localization estimation, all similar data in each cluster are modeled using a well-designed deep neural network (DNN) regression.
Simulation results show that the proposed scheme improves positioning accuracy significantly. This approach has high coverage and improves average root-mean-squared error (RMSE) performance to a few meters, which is expected in 5G and beyond networks. Consequently, it also proves the superiority of the proposed method over the previous location estimation schemes.
Base Station Selection for Massive MIMO Networks With Two-Stage Precoding
