Following the onset of moderate aerobic exercise, the rate of oxygen consumption (Jo) rises monoexponentially toward the new steady state with a time constant (τ) in the vicinity of 30 s. The mechanisms underlying this delay have been studied over several decades. Meyer's electrical analog model proposed the concept that the τ is given by τ = Rm· C, where Rm is mitochondrial resistance to energy transfer, and C is metabolic capacitance, determined primarily by the cellular total creatine pool (TCr = phosphocreatine + creatine). The purpose of this study was to evaluate in vitro the Jo kinetics of isolated rat skeletal muscle mitochondria at various levels of TCr and mitochondrial protein. Mitochondria were incubated in a medium containing 5.0 mM ATP, TCr pools of 0–1.5 mM, excess creatine kinase, and an ATP-splitting system of glucose + hexokinase (HK). Pyruvate and malate (1 mM each) were present as oxidative substrates. Jo was measured across time after HK was added to elicit one of two levels of Jo (40 and 60% of state 3). At TCr levels (in mM) of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.75, and 1.5, the corresponding τ values (s, means ± SE) were 22.2 ± 3.0, 36.3 ± 2.2, 65.7 ± 4.3, 168.1 ± 22.2, and 287.3 ± 25.9. Thus τ increased linearly with TCr ( R2 = 0.916). Furthermore, the experimentally observed τ varied linearly and inversely with the mitochondrial protein added. These in vitro results consistently conform to the predictions of Meyer's electrical analog model.
Time course of forearm arterial compliance changes during reactive hyperemia
