A micro resonant electrometer with 9-electron charge resolution in room temperature

Abstract Since the discovery of the electron, the accurate detection of electrical charges has been a dream of the scientific community. Owing to some remarkable advantages, micro/nanoelectromechanical system-based resonators have been used to design electrometers with excellent sensitivity and resolution. Here, we demonstrate a novel ultrasensitive charge detection method utilizing nonlinear coupling in two micromechanical resonators. We achieve single-electron charge detection with a high resolution up to 0.197 ± 0.056 $${\mathrm{e}}/\sqrt {{\mathrm{Hz}}}$$ e / Hz at room temperature. Our findings provide a simple strategy for measuring electron charges with extreme accuracy.

Download Full-text

Sub-10e Charge Resolution for Room Temperature Electrometry

2007 IEEE Sensors ◽

10.1109/icsens.2007.4388527 ◽

2007 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Joshua Lee ◽

Yong Zhu ◽

Ashwin Seshia

Keyword(s):

Room Temperature ◽

Charge Resolution

Download Full-text

Steady State Photocarrier Charge Collection in a-Si:H for Electrons and Holes

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-219-851 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 219 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

C.-D. Abel ◽

H. R. Paes ◽

G. H. Bauer

Keyword(s):

Steady State ◽

Amorphous Silicon ◽

Carrier Transport ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Charge Collection ◽

Electron Charge ◽

Extended State ◽

Pin Diodes ◽

Temperature Electron ◽

Generation Region

AbstractCarrier transport in amorphous silicon pin-diodes has been analyzed by steady state photocarrier charge collection applying strongly absorbed light. For low intensities at room temperature electron charge collection is limited by recombination in the generation region. For increasing intensity ø and/or decreasing temperature charge collection becomes nonlinear in ø and shows S-like characteristics versus voltage.We present a model for this behaviour, including space charge limitation which e.g. for holes in a-Si:H limits charge collection even at room temperature due to low extended state mobility of holes and dark Fermi level position above midgap.

Download Full-text

MEMS Variable Area Capacitor for Room Temperature Electrometry

Proceedings ◽

10.3390/proceedings2131075 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (13) ◽

pp. 1075

Author(s):

George Underwood ◽

Tod Laurvick

Keyword(s):

Output Voltage ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Squeeze Film ◽

Input Unit ◽

Maximum Charge ◽

Squeeze Film Damping ◽

Variable Capacitance ◽

Result Show ◽

Charge Resolution ◽

Good Agreement

This paper introduces a new way to detect charge using MEMS variable capacitors for extremely sensitive, room temperature electrometry. It is largely based on the electrometers introduced by Riehl et al. [1] except variable capacitance is created by a changing area, not a changing gap. The new scheme will improve MEMS electrometers by eliminating the effects of squeeze-film damping and by theoretically increasing the maximum charge resolution by 70%. The charge conversion gain (the increase in output voltage per input unit charge) for this system is derived. The result show good agreement with MATLAB calculations.

Download Full-text

Dislocations and Charge Density Distributions of γ Phase in Ti47.5Al2.5V Deformed at Room Temperature and 400°C

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-364-641 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 364 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jing Zhu ◽

Ying Gao ◽

Yu Miao

Keyword(s):

Charge Density ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Electron Charge ◽

Electron Crystallography ◽

Atom Pair ◽

Electron Charge Density ◽

Density Distributions ◽

Diffraction Contrast ◽

Contrast Method ◽

Metallic Bonding

AbstractThe observations on quantity and configuration of dislocations by TEM conventional diffraction contrast method as well as the determinations of the electron charge density distributions by the quantitative electron crystallography method in Ti47. 5A12. 5V deformed at 400°C and room temperature (R. T.) have been carried out. The metallic bonding between Al—Al or Ti—Ti atom pair along <C110] and Ti — Ti along <C112] direction is strengthened; while the metallic bonding between Ti — Al atom pair both along <C101] and <12l] direction is weakened at 400°C. The quantities of a/2<110], a/2<112] and dissociated a <101] (a[101] →a/2[110] + a/3[112] + SISF+a/6[112] ) dislocations are increased at 400°C, compared with that at R. T.. The a/ 2 < 121] superdislocations have not been seen both at 400°C and R. T..

Download Full-text

Dependence of Intergranular Fracture on Boundary Topography and Cohesion

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100071193 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 31 ◽

pp. 150-151

Author(s):

J. E. Doherty ◽

A. F. Giamei ◽

B. H. Kear ◽

C. W. Steinke

Keyword(s):

Grain Boundary ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Nickel Base Superalloy ◽

Boundary Shear ◽

Room Temperature Ductility ◽

Solid Solution Matrix ◽

Nickel Base ◽

Solution Matrix ◽

Different Levels ◽

Base Superalloy

Recently we have been investigating a class of nickel-base superalloys which possess substantial room temperature ductility. This improvement in ductility is directly related to improvements in grain boundary strength due to increased boundary cohesion through control of detrimental impurities and improved boundary shear strength by controlled grain boundary micros true tures.For these investigations an experimental nickel-base superalloy was doped with different levels of sulphur impurity. The micros tructure after a heat treatment of 1360°C for 2 hr, 1200°C for 16 hr consists of coherent precipitates of γ’ Ni3(Al,X) in a nickel solid solution matrix.

Download Full-text

Hepatocyte Alterations in Guinea Pigs FED Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs), Dibenzodioxins (PCDD), AND DIBENZOFURANS (PCDF)

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100053085 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 40 ◽

pp. 56-57

Author(s):

J. N. Turner ◽

D. N. Collins

Keyword(s):

Guinea Pigs ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Dose Group ◽

Methyl Cellulose ◽

Uranyl Acetate ◽

Target Organ ◽

Office Building ◽

Lead Citrate ◽

Control Groups ◽

Cooling Fluid

A fire involving an electric service transformer and its cooling fluid, a mixture of PCBs and chlorinated benzenes, contaminated an office building with a fine soot. Chemical analysis showed PCDDs and PCDFs including the highly toxic tetra isomers. Guinea pigs were chosen as an experimental animal to test the soot's toxicity because of their sensitivity to these compounds, and the liver was examined because it is a target organ. The soot was suspended in 0.75% methyl cellulose and administered in a single dose by gavage at levels of 1,10,100, and 500mgm soot/kgm body weight. Each dose group was composed of 6 males and 6 females. Control groups included 12 (6 male, 6 female) animals fed activated carbon in methyl cellulose, 6 males fed methyl cellulose, and 16 males and 10 females untreated. The guinea pigs were sacrificed at 42 days by suffocation in CO2. Liver samples were immediately immersed and minced in 2% gluteraldehyde in cacadylate buffer at pH 7.4 and 4°C. After overnight fixation, samples were postfixed in 1% OsO4 in cacodylate for 1 hr at room temperature, embedded in epon, sectioned and stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate.

Download Full-text