Economic Issues Related to Assessing Load Management in Electric Utilities The Economic Assessment Subgroup Chaired by Man-Loong (M. L.) Chan of the IEEE Load Management Working Group

The exploitation of the biomethane as transport fuel is receiving increasing attention in many European countries. Technologies and processes for improving the Biogas-to-biomethane production with a lower energy consumption and lower costs are objective of several techno-economic studies. In this paper two promising concepts for the biogas conversion are proposed and analyzed considering both technical and economic issues. The analysis regards the biogas upgrading by means of the chemical absorption with Hot Potassium Carbonate and the direct methanation of biogas by adding renewable hydrogen. In order to assess the feasibility of these technologies the numerical modelling has been applied for the plants designing. The energy results have then been used to assess the expected biomethane production price and a sensitivity analysis on the main parameters has been performed. Finally, economic performance of the options proposed will be evaluated under different market conditions.

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2.2. Working Group 2: Conceptual Definitions of Reference Coordinate Systems for Earth Dynamics

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100050867 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 26 ◽

pp. 21-26

Keyword(s):

Coordinate System ◽

Working Group ◽

General Character ◽

Coordinate Systems ◽

Reference Coordinate System ◽

Group 2 ◽

Definition Of ◽

Earth Dynamics

An ideal definition of a reference coordinate system should meet the following general requirements:1. It should be as conceptually simple as possible, so its philosophy is well understood by the users.2. It should imply as few physical assumptions as possible. Wherever they are necessary, such assumptions should be of a very general character and, in particular, they should not be dependent upon astronomical and geophysical detailed theories.3. It should suggest a materialization that is dynamically stable and is accessible to observations with the required accuracy.

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Models of Thermodynamic Properties of Prominences

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100065799 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 44 ◽

pp. 349-355

Author(s):

R.W. Milkey

Keyword(s):

Thermodynamic Properties ◽

Mass Transport ◽

Emission Spectrum ◽

Thermodynamic Parameters ◽

Working Group ◽

Physical Processes ◽

Theoretical Concepts ◽

Group 3 ◽

Observational Techniques

The focus of discussion in Working Group 3 was on the Thermodynamic Properties as determined spectroscopically, including the observational techniques and the theoretical modeling of physical processes responsible for the emission spectrum. Recent advances in observational techniques and theoretical concepts make this discussion particularly timely. It is wise to remember that the determination of thermodynamic parameters is not an end in itself and that these are interesting chiefly for what they can tell us about the energetics and mass transport in prominences.

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