Changes in overcurrent protection paradigms of low and medium-voltage smart grids

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Gomez ◽  
M. M. Morcos
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grids ◽  
Medium Voltage ◽  
Overcurrent Protection

Narrowband power line communications for medium voltage Smart Grids

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Artale ◽  
Antonio Cataliotti ◽  
Valentina Cosentino ◽  
Salvatore Guaiana ◽  
Dario Di Cara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grids ◽  
Power Line ◽  
Power Line Communications ◽  
Medium Voltage

scholarly journals A Lightweight Scheme to Authenticate and Secure the Communication in Smart Grids

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Israa Aziz ◽  
Hai Jin ◽  
Ihsan Abdulqadder ◽  
Zaid Hussien ◽  
Zaid Abduljabbar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grids ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
Control Center ◽  
Medium Voltage ◽  
Authentication Mechanism ◽  
Computational Overhead ◽  
Automation Equipment ◽  
Lightweight Authentication

Self-reconfiguration in electrical power grids is a significant tool for their planning and operation during both normal and abnormal conditions. The increasing in employment of Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs), as well as the rapid growth of the new communication technologies have increased the application of Feeder Automation (FA) in Distribution Networks (DNs). In a Smart Grid (SG), automation equipment, such as a Smart Breaker (SB), is used. Using either a wired or a wireless network or even a combination of both, communication between the Control Center (CC) and SBs can be made. Nowadays, wireless technology is widely used in the communication of DNs. This may cause several security vulnerabilities in the power system, such as remote attacks, with the goal of cutting off the electrical power provided to significant consumers. Therefore, to preserve the cybersecurity of the system, there is a need for a secure scheme. The available literature investments proposed a heavyweight level in security schemes, while the overhead was not considered. To overcome this drawback, this paper presents an efficient lightweight authentication mechanism with the necessary steps to ensure real-time automatic reconfiguration during a fault. As a first stage, authentication will be made between CC and SB, SB then sends the information about its status. To ensure the integrity of the authentication exchange, a hash function is used, while the symmetric algorithm is used to ensure privacy. The applicability of the suggested scheme has been proved by conducting security performance and analysis. The proposed scheme will be injected on ABB medium voltage breaker with the REF 542plus controller. Therefore, the probable benefit of the suggested scheme is the contribution to provide more flexibility for electrical utilities in terms of reducing the overall computational overhead and withstanding to various types of attacks, while also opening new prospects in FA of SGs.

scholarly journals Incremental Heuristic Approach for Meter Placement in Radial Distribution Systems

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 3917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Artale ◽  
Antonio Cataliotti ◽  
Valentina Cosentino ◽  
Dario Di Cara ◽  
Salvatore Guaiana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radial Distribution ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Load Flow ◽  
State Variables ◽  
Medium Voltage ◽  
Meter Placement

The evolution of modern power distribution systems into smart grids requires the development of dedicated state estimation (SE) algorithms for real-time identification of the overall system state variables. This paper proposes a strategy to evaluate the minimum number and best position of power injection meters in radial distribution systems for SE purposes. Measurement points are identified with the aim of reducing uncertainty in branch power flow estimations. An incremental heuristic meter placement (IHMP) approach is proposed to select the locations and total number of power measurements. The meter placement procedure was implemented for a backward/forward load flow algorithm proposed by the authors, which allows the evaluation of medium-voltage power flows starting from low-voltage load measurements. This allows the reduction of the overall costs of measurement equipment and setup. The IHMP method was tested in the real 25-bus medium-voltage (MV) radial distribution network of the Island of Ustica (Mediterranean Sea). The proposed method is useful both for finding the best measurement configuration in a new distribution network and also for implementing an incremental enhancement of an existing measurement configuration, reaching a good tradeoff between instrumentation costs and measurement uncertainty.

scholarly journals Overcurrent Protections in MV Grid with Local Energy Sources

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 08005
Author(s):  
Lorenc Józef ◽  
Olejnik Bartosz ◽  
Schött Aleksandra
Keyword(s):  
Energy Sources ◽  
Power System Protection ◽  
Local Energy ◽  
Local Power ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Medium Voltage ◽  
System Protection ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Overcurrent Protection ◽  
Selection Methodology

The article presents typical methods of connecting various types of local power sources to a medium voltage network. Describes the advantages and disadvantages of individual solutions. The authors focus particularly on the issues of power system protection, with particular emphasis on overcurrent protection (ANSI 50 and 67). The key part of the article is the presentation of the selection methodology, along with examples, of setting this type of protection for a frequently encountered case - connecting local energy sources with busbars with a line with receipts.

Secondary substation power line communications for medium voltage smart grids

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Artale ◽  
Antonio Cataliotti ◽  
Valentina Cosentino ◽  
Dario Di Cara ◽  
Pierluca Russotto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grids ◽  
Power Line ◽  
Power Line Communications ◽  
Medium Voltage

scholarly journals Investigating Phase Over-Current (OC) Protection in Medium-Voltage networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 41-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aniagboso John Onah
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Electric Power System ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Electrical Network ◽  
Power Circuit ◽  
Medium Voltage ◽  
Protection Scheme ◽  
Overcurrent Protection ◽  
Overcurrent Relays

Overcurrent protection is protection against excessive currents or current beyond the acceptable current rating of equipment. It generally operates instantly. Short circuit is a type of overcurrent. Magnetic circuit breakers, fuses and overcurrent relays are commonly used to provide overcurrent protection. There is always a need to protect expensive power equipment. Protective relaying is a very important part of any electric power system that comes into play during trouble, fault or abnormal condition. The purpose is to isolate unhealthy part of electrical power system while the rest continue their normal operation. The entire electric power system from source to load centers is exposed and subject to natural hazards. The effects of these hazards are capable of interrupting normal operations of the system. Since these hazards cannot be prevented, precautions are taken to minimize or eliminate their effect on the system. The relay is a basic component of any protection scheme. The information (or signals) received from the power system actuates the relay, when necessary, to perform one or more switching actions. The signals are proportional to the magnitudes and phase angles of power system voltages and currents. When the relay receives these signals, it decides to close (or open) one or more sets of normally open (or closed) contacts, and consequently, the trip coil of a circuit breaker will be energized to open the power circuit. This paper investigates over-current relay protection scheme applied to medium-voltage electrical network. Methods of current and time grading have been applied in the coordination of the overcurrent relays in a radial network. Different time/current characteristics of relays such as the normal inverse (NI), very inverse (VI), and extreme inverse (EI) have been examined in order to obtain optimum discrimination.

scholarly journals A New Coupling Solution for G3-PLC Employment in MV Smart Grids

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 2474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Artale ◽  
Antonio Cataliotti ◽  
Valentina Cosentino ◽  
Dario Di Cara ◽  
Riccardo Fiorelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grids ◽  
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing ◽  
Power Line ◽  
Center Frequency ◽  
Medium Voltage ◽  
Single Carrier ◽  
Coupling System ◽  
Capacitive Divider ◽  
Coupling Principle ◽  
Significant Cost Reduction

This paper proposes a new coupling solution for transmitting narrowband multicarrier power line communication (PLC) signals over medium voltage (MV) power lines. The proposed system is based on an innovative PLC coupling principle, patented by the authors, which exploits the capacitive divider embedded in voltage detecting systems (VDS) already installed inside the MV switchboard. Thus, no dedicated couplers have to be installed and no switchboard modifications or energy interruptions are needed. This allows a significant cost reduction of MV PLC implementation. A first prototype of the proposed coupling system was presented in previous papers: it had a 15 kHz bandwidth useful to couple single carrier PSK modulated PLC signals with a center frequency from 50–200 kHz. In this paper, a new prototype is developed with a larger bandwidth, up to 164 kHz, thus allowing to couple multicarrier G3-PLC signals using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) digital modulation. This modulation ensures a more robust communication even in harsh power line channels. In the paper, the new coupling system design is described in detail. A new procedure is presented for tuning the coupling system parameters at first installation in a generic MV switchboard. Finally, laboratory and in-field experimental test results are reported and discussed. The coupling performances are evaluated measuring the throughput and success rate in the case of both 18 and 36 subcarriers, in one of the different tone masks standardized for the FCC-above CENELEC band (that is, from 154.6875–487.5 kHz). The experimental results show an efficient behavior of the proposed coupler allowing a two-way communication of G3-PLC OFDM signals on MV networks.

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