scholarly journals Incremental Heuristic Approach for Meter Placement in Radial Distribution Systems

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 3917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Artale ◽  
Antonio Cataliotti ◽  
Valentina Cosentino ◽  
Dario Di Cara ◽  
Salvatore Guaiana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radial Distribution ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Load Flow ◽  
State Variables ◽  
Medium Voltage ◽  
Meter Placement

The evolution of modern power distribution systems into smart grids requires the development of dedicated state estimation (SE) algorithms for real-time identification of the overall system state variables. This paper proposes a strategy to evaluate the minimum number and best position of power injection meters in radial distribution systems for SE purposes. Measurement points are identified with the aim of reducing uncertainty in branch power flow estimations. An incremental heuristic meter placement (IHMP) approach is proposed to select the locations and total number of power measurements. The meter placement procedure was implemented for a backward/forward load flow algorithm proposed by the authors, which allows the evaluation of medium-voltage power flows starting from low-voltage load measurements. This allows the reduction of the overall costs of measurement equipment and setup. The IHMP method was tested in the real 25-bus medium-voltage (MV) radial distribution network of the Island of Ustica (Mediterranean Sea). The proposed method is useful both for finding the best measurement configuration in a new distribution network and also for implementing an incremental enhancement of an existing measurement configuration, reaching a good tradeoff between instrumentation costs and measurement uncertainty.

scholarly journals Automatic Fault Localization and Isolation in Power Distribution Network by Decision Support Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Satya PRAKASH ◽  
Manoj HANS ◽  
Vikas THORAT
Keyword(s):  
Electricity Market ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Distribution Automation ◽  
Power Distribution Network ◽  
Medium Voltage ◽  
Time Observation ◽  
And Control

The power distribution network has grown complex and vulnerable as it increases its demand. The system's reliability has become a prominent factor for the end-users, although the continuity of supply in the distribution network still remains a challenge. In order to achieve the same distribution, automation came into the picture. The term “Distribution Automation” usually refers to an advanced switching system, which works as a subsystem of the existing network. The purpose of the subsystem is to offer real-time observation and control in distribution networks and electricity market operations. Consequently, the development of an autonomous system for isolating failures and restoring power for the distribution of LV (low voltage)/MV (medium voltage) can be an attractive solution for improving energy facilities' reliability. Advanced management techniques are devices and algorithms used to analyze, diagnose, and predict conditions in a distribution network, as well as to identify and take appropriate corrective actions to eliminate, mitigate, and prevent power outages and power quality problems. To demonstrate the model, we used a PIC16F877, CT microcontroller, and a power supply unit.

scholarly journals Investigation of distributed generation units placement and sizing based on voltage stability condition indicator (VSCI)

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1317
Author(s):  
Arvind Raj ◽  
Nur Fadilah Ab Aziz ◽  
Zuhaila Mat Yasin ◽  
Nur Ashida Salim
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Radial Distribution ◽  
Stability Condition ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Voltage Stability ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Condition Index ◽  
Power Losses

Voltage instability in power distribution systems can result in voltage collapse throughout the grid. Today, with the advanced of power generation technology from renewable sources, concerns of utility companies are much being focused on the stability of the grid when there is an integration of distributed generation (DG) in the system.  This paper presents a study on DG units placement and sizing in a radial distribution network by using a pre-developed index called Voltage Stability Condition Index (VSCI). In this paper, VSCI is used to determine DG placement candidates, while the value of power losses is used to identify the best DG placement. The proposed method is tested on a standard 33-bus radial distribution network and compared with existing Ettehadi and Aman methods. The effectiveness of the method is presented in terms of reduction in power system losses, maximization of system loadability and voltage quality improvement. Results show that VSCI can be utilized as the voltage stability indicator for DG placement in radial distribution power system. The integration of DG is found to improve voltage stability by increasing the system loadability and reducing the power losses of the network.

scholarly journals Multiobjective Approach for Medium- and Low-Voltage Planning of Power Distribution Systems Considering Renewable Energy and Robustness

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2517
Author(s):  
Diogo Rupolo ◽  
Benvindo Pereira Junior ◽  
Javier Contreras ◽  
José Mantovani
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Neighborhood Search ◽  
Medium Voltage ◽  
Multiobjective Approach

In this paper, a multiobjective approach to carry out the planning of medium-voltage (MV) and low-voltage (LV) distribution systems, considering renewable energy sources (RES) and robustness, is proposed. Due to the uncertainties associated with RES and demand, the proposed planning methodology takes into account a robust planning index (RPI). This RPI allows us to evaluate the robustness estimation associated with each planning solution. The objective function in the mathematical model considers the costs of investment and operation and the robustness of the planning proposals. Due to the computational complexity of this problem, which is difficult to solve by means of classical optimization techniques, MV/LV planning is solved by a decomposition search and a general variable neighborhood search (GVNS) algorithm. To demonstrate the efficiency and robustness of this methodology, tests are performed in an integrated distribution system with 50 MV nodes and 410 LV nodes. Our numerical results show that the proposed methodology makes it possible to minimize costs and improve robustness levels in distribution system planning.

scholarly journals A Multi-Stage Coordinated Volt-Var Optimization for Integrated and Unbalanced Radial Distribution Networks

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4877
Author(s):  
Xiangjing Su ◽  
Jining Liu ◽  
Shuxin Tian ◽  
Ping Ling ◽  
Yang Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radial Distribution ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Voltage Regulation ◽  
Load Flow ◽  
Medium Voltage ◽  
Modified Particle Swarm Optimization ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Network Operation ◽  
Radial Distribution Networks

The growing penetrations of rooftop photovoltaics (PVs) into low-voltage (LV) distribution networks are challenging voltage regulation. Developing an effective volt-var (VV) control has been the focus of many researchers with various approaches proposed so far. However, assuming a single voltage level and balanced network model, widely adopted in existing literatures, tends to cause inaccurate and even infeasible control solutions. Besides, existing distribution VV control studies are usually based on the day-ahead predictions of PV generations and loads, introducing inevitable and non-negligible errors. To address the challenges above, this paper proposes a VV co-optimization across unbalanced medium-voltage (MV) and LV networks, by traditional and emerging techniques, to ensure the network operation with the required power quality. Specifically, the operation of MV delta-connected switched capacitors and LV distributed PV inverters is coordinated, under a three-stage strategy that suits integrated and unbalanced radial distribution networks. The proposal aims to simultaneously improve voltage magnitude and balance profiles while reducing network power loss, at the least controlling cost. To effectively solve the proposed VV optimization problem, a joint solver of the modified particle swarm optimization and the improved direct load flow is employed. Finally, the proposal is evaluated by simulations on real Australian distribution networks over 24 h.

A Novel Approach to Tackle Miscoordination of Protective Device in Radial Distribution Network during DG Interconnections

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhavesh Bhalja ◽  
Pragnesh Shah ◽  
Nilesh Chothani ◽  
Ravi Patel
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Radial Distribution ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Power Distribution System ◽  
Protection Scheme ◽  
Electric Power Distribution ◽  
Laboratory Prototype

Due to incorporation of Distributed Generation (DG), the traditional protection scheme for electric power distribution system lost its radial nature and behaves more like multifeed transmission system. Hence, there is a need to develop a new protection scheme for electric power distribution system which remains stable in all conditions. This paper presents a new directional protection scheme for distribution system containing DG. Authors have developed a laboratory prototype of the three-phase radial distribution system containing DG. The proposed scheme has also been simulated using the PSCAD/EMTDC software package with fault data generated by modeling the distribution systems. The proposed directional protection scheme has been tested for various types of faults in different sections of radial distribution network along with DG. At the end, a comparative evaluation of the results obtained using the developed laboratory prototype has been carried out with the simulation results obtained using PSCAD. It has been observed that the proposed scheme has the ability to isolate the faulted section without disturbing the healthy section in the presence of DG.

scholarly journals Optimal sizing and location of distributed generation for loss minimization using firefly algorithm

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhamad Najib Kamarudin ◽  
Tengku Juhana Tengku Hashim ◽  
AbdulHamid Musa
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Radial Distribution ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Firefly Algorithm ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Test System ◽  
Load Flow ◽  
Voltage Profile ◽  
Load Flow Analysis

<span>Distributed generation (DG) plays an important role in improving power quality as well as system realibility. As the incorporation of DG in the power distribution network creates several problems to the network operators, locating a suitable capacity and placement for DG will essentially help to improve the quality of power delivery to the end users. This paper presents the simulation of an application of firefly algorithm (FA) for optimally locating the most suitable placement and capacity of distributed generation (DG) in IEEE 33-bus radial distribution network. This strategy aims at minimizing losses together with improving the voltage profile in distribution network. The losses in real power and voltages at each bus are obtained using load flow analysis which was performed on an IEEE 33-bus radial distribution network using forward sweep method.  The proposed method comprises of simulation of the test system with DG as well as in the absence of DG in the system. </span><span>A comparison between the Firefly Algorithm (FA) with Genetic Algorithm (GA) is also demonstrated in this paper. The results obtained have proven that the Firefly Algorithm has a better capability at improving both the voltage profile and the power losses in the system.</span>

scholarly journals A DC-side fault-tolerant bidirectional AC/DC converter for power system in integration of low-voltage DC distribution systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikoo Kouchakipour
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Power System ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Power Converter ◽  
Software Environment ◽  
Medium Voltage ◽  
Dc Distribution

With the rising potential for the employment of low- and medium-voltage direct-current (dc) electric power distribution systems, most notably for a more efficient integration of plug-in electric vehicles and such other distributed energy resources as photovoltaic (PV) panels, there is a need for robust ac/dc electronic power converters that can interface such dc distribution systems with the legacy alternating current (ac) power system. Thus, this thesis proposes a new single-stage low-voltage three-phase ac-dc power converter that is simple structurally, en- ables a bidirectional power exchanges between the ac and dc distribution systems, and can handle short-circuit faults at its dc as well as ac sides. The proposed converter consists of three legs, corresponding to the three phases of the host ac grid, each of which hosting two full-bridge submodule (FBSM), in an architecture that can be regarded as a special case of the so-called modular multi-level converter (MMC). Thus, at the dc port each FBSM is connected in parallel with a corresponding capacitor, while the ac voltage of each phase is synthesized by the coordinated sinusoidal pulse-width modulation (SPWM) of the two corresponding FBSMs. This architecture allows the generation of low-distortion ac voltage while it also provides the converter with the very important dc fault current blocking capability since, upon the detection of a short circuit across the converter dc port, the switches of the FBSMs are turned off and disallow the flow of any dc current. The thesis also presents a mathematical model for the converter, for analysis and control design purposes. Thus, the control for the regulation of the overall dc-side voltage, as well as those for the regulation of the dc voltages of the FBSMs are devised based on the aforementioned mathematical model and presented with details. It is further shown that the voltage conversion ratio of the proposed converter is the same as that offered by a conventional voltage-sourced converter (VSC), whereas the VSC is vulnerable to dc- side shorts. The proposed converter can be extended to medium-voltage levels by multi- plying the number of FBSMs in each leg. The effectiveness of the proposed converter and its controls is demonstrated through time-domain simulation studies conducted on a topological model of the converter in PSCAD/EMTDC software environment.

Criticality-Based Designs of Power Distribution Systems

2021 ◽  
pp. 150-175
Author(s):  
Sadeeb Simon Ottenburger
Keyword(s):  
Power Distribution ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Urban Resilience ◽  
Power Distribution Networks ◽  
Adequate Provision ◽  
Advanced Metering

The generation and supply of electricity is currently about to undergo a fundamental transition that includes extensive development of smart grids. Smart grids are huge and complex networks consisting of a vast number of devices and entities which are connected with each other. This fact opens new variations of disruption scenarios which can increase the vulnerability of a power distribution network. However, the network topology of a smart grid has significant effects on urban resilience particularly referring to the adequate provision of infrastructures whereby the way in which a distribution network is divided into interconnected microgrids is of particular importance. Such decompositions enable the systematic protection of important infrastructures and furthermore allow new forms of resilient power supply avoiding large-scale power blackouts. Therefore, the authors introduce a concept of criticality adapted to a power system relying on an advanced metering infrastructure and thereby propose a metric for an integrated resilience assessment of power distribution networks.

scholarly journals Optimal Selection of Conductors in Ghaleganj Radial Distribution Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-218
Author(s):  
Mahdi Mozaffarilegha ◽  
Ehsan Damaneh
Keyword(s):  
Power Distribution ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Imperialist Competitive Algorithm ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Load Flow ◽  
Optimal Selection ◽  
Selection Of

Selection of the best type and most suitable size of conductors is essential for designing and optimizing the distribution network. In this paper, an effective method has been proposed for proper selection and incorporation of conductors in the feed part of a radial electricity distribution network considering the depreciation effect of conductors. Increasing the usability of the electric energy of the power grid for the subscribers has been considered per load increment regarding the development of the country. Optimal selection and reconstruction of conductors in the power distribution radio network have been performed through a smart method for minimizing the costs related to annual losses and investment for renovation of lines by imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA) to improve the productivity of the power distribution network. Backward/forward sweep load flow method has been used to solve the load flow problem in the power distribution networks. The mentioned optimization method has been tested on DAZ feeder in Ghaleganj town as test.

scholarly journals A DC-side fault-tolerant bidirectional AC/DC converter for power system in integration of low-voltage DC distribution systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikoo Kouchakipour
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Power System ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Power Converter ◽  
Software Environment ◽  
Medium Voltage ◽  
Dc Distribution

With the rising potential for the employment of low- and medium-voltage direct-current (dc) electric power distribution systems, most notably for a more efficient integration of plug-in electric vehicles and such other distributed energy resources as photovoltaic (PV) panels, there is a need for robust ac/dc electronic power converters that can interface such dc distribution systems with the legacy alternating current (ac) power system. Thus, this thesis proposes a new single-stage low-voltage three-phase ac-dc power converter that is simple structurally, en- ables a bidirectional power exchanges between the ac and dc distribution systems, and can handle short-circuit faults at its dc as well as ac sides. The proposed converter consists of three legs, corresponding to the three phases of the host ac grid, each of which hosting two full-bridge submodule (FBSM), in an architecture that can be regarded as a special case of the so-called modular multi-level converter (MMC). Thus, at the dc port each FBSM is connected in parallel with a corresponding capacitor, while the ac voltage of each phase is synthesized by the coordinated sinusoidal pulse-width modulation (SPWM) of the two corresponding FBSMs. This architecture allows the generation of low-distortion ac voltage while it also provides the converter with the very important dc fault current blocking capability since, upon the detection of a short circuit across the converter dc port, the switches of the FBSMs are turned off and disallow the flow of any dc current. The thesis also presents a mathematical model for the converter, for analysis and control design purposes. Thus, the control for the regulation of the overall dc-side voltage, as well as those for the regulation of the dc voltages of the FBSMs are devised based on the aforementioned mathematical model and presented with details. It is further shown that the voltage conversion ratio of the proposed converter is the same as that offered by a conventional voltage-sourced converter (VSC), whereas the VSC is vulnerable to dc- side shorts. The proposed converter can be extended to medium-voltage levels by multi- plying the number of FBSMs in each leg. The effectiveness of the proposed converter and its controls is demonstrated through time-domain simulation studies conducted on a topological model of the converter in PSCAD/EMTDC software environment.

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