A Smart Parking-lot Occupancy Model in 5G V2V and V2I Wireless Communication

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bipasha Mukhopadhyay ◽  
Tuhina Samanta
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Occupancy Model ◽  
Parking Lot ◽  
Smart Parking

scholarly journals Deterministic and Empirical Approach for Millimeter-Wave Complex Outdoor Smart Parking Solution Deployments

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 4112
Author(s):  
Fidel Alejandro Rodríguez-Corbo ◽  
Leyre Azpilicueta ◽  
Mikel Celaya-Echarri ◽  
Peio Lopez-Iturri ◽  
Ana V. Alejos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Radio Channel ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Directional Antennas ◽  
Scale Parameters ◽  
Parking Lot ◽  
Smart Parking ◽  
Wireless Communications Systems

The characterization of different vegetation/vehicle densities and their corresponding effects on large-scale channel parameters such as path loss can provide important information during the deployment of wireless communications systems under outdoor conditions. In this work, a deterministic analysis based on ray-launching (RL) simulation and empirical measurements for vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications for outdoor parking environments and smart parking solutions is presented. The study was carried out at a frequency of 28 GHz using directional antennas, with the transmitter raised above ground level under realistic use case conditions. Different radio channel impairments were weighed in, considering the progressive effect of first, the density of an incremental obstructed barrier of trees, and the effect of different parked vehicle densities within the parking lot. On the basis of these scenarios, large-scale parameters and temporal dispersion characteristics were obtained, and the effect of vegetation/vehicle density changes was assessed. The characterization of propagation impairments that different vegetation/vehicle densities can impose onto the wireless radio channel in the millimeter frequency range was performed. Finally, the results obtained in this research can aid communication deployment in outdoor parking conditions.

scholarly journals Smart Parking with Fair Selection and Imposing Higher Privacy Constraints in Parking Owner and Driver Information

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
Vivekanadam B
Keyword(s):  
Privacy Protection ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Bloom Filters ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
Group Signatures ◽  
Parking Spot ◽  
Parking System ◽  
Parking Lot ◽  
Smart Parking ◽  
Privacy Constraints

The use of private cars has enhanced the comfort of travel of individuals, but has proven to be a challenge for parking in congested downtown areas and metropolitans. This hike in the vehicle count has led to difficulty among the drivers to find a parking spot, exploiting resources and time. On the other hand, there are many idle private parking spots that remain inaccessible because of multiple reasons like unavailable owners, different open timings and so on. In order to prevent parking issues as well as to enable the use of private parking spots, smart parking applications that are easy to use by the drivers will prove to be highly effective. However, most parking lot owners and drivers face the threat of privacy which affects their willingness to participate while many others are located in a centralized location where the presence of malicious users is in plenty. In this proposed work, we have introduced a smart-parking system that is based on blockchain exhibiting qualities of privacy protection, reliability and fairness. To protect the privacy of users, vector-based encryption, bloom filters and group signatures are also insisted. This has helped us establish a more reliable smart parking system coupled with fair operation for smart contact. Experimental analysis of the real-world dataset indicates that the proposed work operates with high efficiency, establishing privacy protection, reliability and fairness.

scholarly journals Smart Parking Guidance System on IoT

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S11) ◽  
pp. 2793-2798 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Video Processing ◽  
Guidance System ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Parking Space ◽  
Shopping Malls ◽  
Public Facilities ◽  
Parking System ◽  
Parking Lot ◽  
Smart Parking ◽  
Haar Cascade

Nowadays, smart parking guidance system is a crucial research for people’s convenience where the integrating concept of IoT that include hardware and software with the connection of internet for image or video processing technology is a powerful application which made up a complete smart parking system. The main objective of this research is to develop and analyze on a smart parking guidance system where current available system was compared to this new proposed system. Limited parking space has become serious issue since the number of Malaysia’s populations are using car keep increasing. Some of the big companies, shopping malls and other public facilities already deployed a smart parking system on their building. However, there are still a lot of buildings that do not own it because the system required a lot of investment, where the huge parking areas need higher cost to install sensors on each parking lot available and cameras are costly and lower in reliability. The proposed smart parking guidance system in this research was depending on a 360° camera that was modified on Raspberry Pi camera module and 360o lens that process with De-Warping techniques for the normal view rather than 360-degree view and Haar-Cascade classifier. The image and video processing was done by Open CV and python program to detect the available parking space and cloud firebase was used to update data where users can access the parking space availability by android mobile phone specifically at a closed parking space. A single 360°camera was replaced several sensors and cameras which were implemented on traditional parking guidance system. In the end of the paper, it is proved that prototype based smart parking is the convenient way to find the parking space availability.

Smart Parking System Based on Wireless Sensor Network for Large Parking Lots

2012 ◽  
Vol 195-196 ◽  
pp. 889-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Yan Zhang ◽  
Li Ping Zhou ◽  
Wen Yu Cai
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Node ◽  
Transmission Function ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Transmission Protocol ◽  
Parking Space ◽  
Congested Area ◽  
Parking System ◽  
Parking Lot ◽  
Smart Parking

In China, finding a vacant parking space in a congested area or a large parking lot is always time consuming and frustrating. To minimize hassle and inconvenience to the automatic drivers, this paper proposed a novel smart parking system which consists of many parking sensor nodes and one parking gateway in one large parking lot. Parking sensor node is used as vehicle occupancy detector and parking gateway is used as parking lot manager. All parking sensor nodes compose wireless sensor networks with Zigbee transmission protocol. With the GPRS/3G transmission function of parking gateway, large parking lot can provide friendly parking information to the running vehicles and subscribed users. In a word, the proposed novel smart parking system is provided with innovative and practicability.

scholarly journals Smart Parking Guidance System Using 360o Camera and Haar-Cascade Classifier on IoT System

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S11) ◽  
pp. 864-872 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Video Processing ◽  
Guidance System ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Parking Space ◽  
Shopping Malls ◽  
Cascade Classifier ◽  
Parking System ◽  
Parking Lot ◽  
Smart Parking ◽  
Haar Cascade

Nowadays, smart parking guidance system is a crucial research for people’s convenience. The main objective of this research is to develop and analyze on a smart parking guidance system where current available system was compared to this new proposed system. Limited parking space has become serious issue since the number of Malaysia’s populations who are using car keep increasing. Some of the big companies, shopping malls and other public facilities already deployed a smart parking system on their building. However, there are still a lot of buildings that do not own it because the system required a lot of investment, where the huge parking areas need higher cost to install sensors on each parking lot available. The proposed smart parking guidance system in this research was depending on a 360° camera that was modified on raspberry pi camera module and 360o lens and Haar-Cascade classifier. The image and video processing was by Open CV and python program to detect the available parking space and cloud firebase was used to update data where users can access the parking space availability by android mobile phone specifically at a closed parking space. A single 360°camera was replaced several sensors and camera which was implemented on traditional smart parking system. An analysis was done on the performance of the system where it can detect the parking availability with 99.74% accuracy and which is far better than conventional system including reliability and cost for the parking space guidance system.

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