High-efficiency CdS/CdTe solar cells on commercial SnO2:F coated soda-lime glass substrates

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naba R. Paudel ◽  
Yanfa Yan
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Soda Lime Glass ◽  
Glass Substrates ◽  
Cdte Solar Cells

TEM Studies of High-Efficiency CdTe Solar Cells on Commercial SnO2/Soda-Lime Glass

2005 ◽  
Vol 865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanfa Yan ◽  
X. Wu ◽  
J. Zhou ◽  
M.M. Al-Jassim
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Soda Lime Glass ◽  
Back Side ◽  
Cdte Solar Cells ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
Weak Diffusion

AbstractThe microstructure of high-efficiency CdTe solar cells on commercial SnO2/soda-lime glass was investigated by scanning transmission electron microscopy. The CdTe solar cells have a structure of soda-lime glass/SnO2/ZTO/CdS:O/CdTe. We found no interdiffusion between the SnO2 layer and ZTO layer. Weak diffusion of Zn from the ZTO layer into the CdS:O layer was observed; however, the diffusion was not uniform. Interdiffusion also occurred at the CdTe/CdS:O interface. In the back-side of the CdTe, a thin layer of Te was found, which formed during the nitric-phosphoric etching. In addition, a very thin layer of CdHgTe was observed at the CdTe/Te interface.

scholarly journals The Effect of Sputtering Parameters on the Film Properties of Molybdenum Back Contact for CIGS Solar Cells

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng-cheng Huang ◽  
Chia-ho Huang ◽  
Mao-yong Lin ◽  
Chia-ying Chou ◽  
Chun-yao Hsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Main Peak ◽  
Soda Lime Glass ◽  
Adhesive Tape ◽  
Back Contact ◽  
Working Pressure ◽  
Glass Substrates

Molybdenum (Mo) thin films are widely used as a back contact for CIGS-based solar cells. This paper determines the optimal settings for the sputtering parameters for an Mo thin film prepared on soda lime glass substrates, using direct current (dc) magnetron sputtering, with a metal Mo target, in an argon gas environment. A Taguchi method with an L9orthogonal array, the signal-to-noise ratio, and an analysis of variances is used to determine the performance characteristics of the coating operation. The main sputtering parameters, such as working pressure (mTorr), dc power (W), and substrate temperature (°C), are optimized with respect to the structural features, surface morphology, and electrical properties of the Mo films. An adhesive tape test is performed on each film to determine the adhesion strength of the films. The experimental results show that the working pressure has the dominant effect on electrical resistivity and reflectance. The intensity of the main peak (110) for the Mo film increases and the full width at half maximum decreases gradually as the sputtering power is increased. Additionally, the application of an Mo bilayer demonstrates good adherence and low resistivity.

scholarly journals Adhesion Improvement and Characterization of Magnetron Sputter Deposited Bilayer Molybdenum Thin Films for Rear Contact Application in CIGS Solar Cells

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weimin Li ◽  
Xia Yan ◽  
Armin G. Aberle ◽  
Selvaraj Venkataraj
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Surface Oxidation ◽  
Bottom Layer ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Soda Lime Glass ◽  
Individual Layer ◽  
Glass Substrates ◽  
Cigs Solar Cells

Molybdenum (Mo) thin films are widely used as rear electrodes in copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS) solar cells. The challenge in Mo deposition by magnetron sputtering lies in simultaneously achieving good adhesion to the substrates while retaining the electrical and optical properties. Bilayer Mo films, comprising five different thickness ratios of a high pressure (HP) deposited bottom layer and a low pressure (LP) deposited top layer, were deposited on 40 cm × 30 cm soda-lime glass substrates by DC magnetron sputtering. We focus on understanding the effects of the individual layer properties on the resulting bilayer Mo films, such as microstructure, surface morphology, and surface oxidation. We show that the thickness of the bottom HP Mo layer plays a major role in determining the micromechanical and physical properties of the bilayer Mo stack. Our studies reveal that a thicker HP Mo bottom layer not only improves the adhesion of the bilayer Mo, but also helps to improve the film crystallinity along the preferred [110] direction. However, the surface roughness and the porosity of the bilayer Mo films are found to increase with increasing bottom layer thickness, which leads to lower optical reflectance and a higher probability for oxidation at the Mo surface.

Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells and mini-modules fabricated on thin soda-lime glass substrates

2013 ◽  
Vol 119 ◽  
pp. 163-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigenori Furue ◽  
Shogo Ishizuka ◽  
Akimasa Yamada ◽  
Masayuki Iioka ◽  
Hirofumi Higuchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Soda Lime Glass ◽  
Glass Substrates

Novel Wide-Band-Gap Ag(In1-xGax)Se2 Thin Film Solar Cells

2005 ◽  
Vol 865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tokio Nakada ◽  
Keiichiro Yamada ◽  
Ryota Arai ◽  
Hiroki Ishizaki ◽  
Naoomi Yamada
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Thin Film Solar Cell ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Soda Lime Glass ◽  
Wide Band Gap ◽  
Area Efficiency ◽  
Glass Substrates

AbstractAg(In1-xGax)Se2 thin films have been deposited on Mo-coated soda-lime glass substrates by the three-stage process using a molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) system. We found a remarkable decrease in the substrate temperature during the 2nd stage in which the film composition changes to a Ag excess. A single phase chalcopyrite AIGS thin film with a slightly Ag poor composition was obtained by using the temperature monitoring composition method. The cell performance of the AIGS thin film solar cell was found to strongly depend on the Ga/(In+Ga) and Ag/(In+Ga) atomic ratios.A high efficiency wide-gap (Eg=1.7eV) Ag(In0.2Ga0.8)Se2 thin film solar cell with a total-area efficiency of 9.3% (10.2% active area efficiency), Voc = 949mV, Jsc = 17.0 mA/cm2, FF = 0.577, and total area = 0.42 cm2 was achieved. The junction formation mechanism of AIGS devices is discussed based on electron beam induced current (EBIC) and scanning capacitance microscopy (SCM) analyses.

Characterization of Cu(In,Ga)Se2/Mo Interface in CIGS Solar Cells

1997 ◽  
Vol 485 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Nishiwaki ◽  
N. Kohara ◽  
T. Negami ◽  
M. Nishitani ◽  
T. Wada
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Film Deposition ◽  
Soda Lime Glass ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Stage Process ◽  
Cigs Solar Cells

AbstractThe interface between a Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) and an underlying Mo layer was studied by X-ray diffraction and high resolution transmission electron microscopy. The CIGS layer was deposited onto Mo coated soda-lime glass using the “3-stage” process. A MoSe2 layer found to form at the CIGS/Mo interface during the 2nd stage of the “3-stage” process. The thickness of the MoSe2 layer depended on the substrate temperature used for CIGS film deposition as well as the Na content of the CIGS and/or Mo layers. For higher substrate temperatures, thicker MoSe2 layers were observed. The Na in the CIGS and/or Mo layer is felt to assist in the formation of MoSe2. Current-Voltage measurements of the heterojunction formed by the CIGS/Mo interface were ohmic even at low temperature. The role of the MoSe2 layer in high efficiency CIGS solar cells is discussed.

Radio‐frequency‐magnetron‐sputtered CdS/CdTe solar cells on soda‐lime glass

1996 ◽  
Vol 69 (20) ◽  
pp. 3045-3047 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Shao ◽  
A. Fischer ◽  
D. Grecu ◽  
U. Jayamaha ◽  
E. Bykov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Radio Frequency Magnetron ◽  
Soda Lime Glass ◽  
Cdte Solar Cells
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