Annual Changes in the Angles of Tropospheric Refraction in the Baikal Zone

Author(s):  
Mikhail Dembelov ◽  
Yuri Bashkuev
Author(s):  
Ainārs GRĪNVALDS

The stand selection for cutting in tactical planning should be done according to the same principles like in strategic planning – to maximize net present value. The simple way of how to transfer the net present value maximization principle from strategic planning to tactical planning was created in Sweden. The method is based on annual changes in the net present value by postponing final felling. Forest inventory data and forestry modelling system was used for calculation of changes in net present value for pine, spruce, birch, aspen and black alder stands. And changes in net present value were described by regression function with factors from stand parameters. The regression function allows calculating annual changes in net present value for each stand. And stands with higher decrease in net present value have higher cutting priority. Stands selected for the final felling in strategic plan were compared with the stands selected in tactical plan with two methods, first, by using annual changes in the net present value, second, by traditional planning principles. Stands selected by annual changes in the net present value were similar to stands that were selected for cutting in strategic plan, but stands selected by traditional planning principles – not.


2021 ◽  
pp. 026858092110053
Author(s):  
Fumika Sato

This article gives an overview of the last 20 years of gender studies in the context of Japanese sociology. First, it discusses women’s studies as a predecessor of gender studies and its historical development. Next, it outlines the annual changes observed in the number of publications that included the word ‘gender.’ Then, the article explains the two main tasks that gender studies have pursued – using actual research as examples. After that, the influence that translations of foreign research have had on Japanese gender studies is discussed. Finally, the article points to the three important challenges Japanese gender studies face currently.


Radiocarbon ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Brown ◽  
G. W. Farwell ◽  
P. M. Grootes ◽  
F. H. Schmidt ◽  
Minze Stuiver

We report AMS 14C measurements on subannual samples of coral from the Galapagos Islands that span the period, 1970–1973. Both the major 1972 El Niño/Southern Oscillation event and intra-annual changes in regional upwelling of 14C-depleted waters associated with alternation of surface-ocean current patterns are evident in the record. Our data show that the corals preserve a detailed record of past intra-annual variations of the 14C content of surface ocean water.


2013 ◽  
Vol 107 (12) ◽  
pp. 1986-1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiaki Kitaguchi ◽  
Keisaku Fujimoto ◽  
Ryoichi Hayashi ◽  
Masayuki Hanaoka ◽  
Takayuki Honda ◽  
...  

1971 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 262-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. W. Pollard

Biomass (stems and branches) increased from 17 000 kg h−1 in the 4th year to 34 000 kg h−1 in the 7th year of development of an aspen sucker stand. The bulk of the biomass was distributed in the middle and upper diameter classes of shoots; net annual increases only occurred in the upper classes. About 80% of shoots dying in the 3 years of study were less than 2 cm dbh; the biomass lost in these amounted to 200 kg h−1 or less each year. The remaining 20% mortality occurred in the 7th year among shoots 2–5 cm dbh infected with Diplodiatumefaciens. Biomass lost in these larger shoots amounted to 4 900 kg h−1; this was close to the discrepancy between net production (stems and branches) in the 7th year (2600 kg h−1 per annum) and net production in the 5th and 6th years (about 7000 kg h−1 per annum.) Results suggest that although high rates of net annual production are obtainable in short rotations, the mean annual production is strongly influenced by disease because of insufficient time for enhanced growth of survivors.


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