scholarly journals Partially adaptive broadband beamforming with a subband-selective transformation matrix

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Liu ◽  
S. Weiss ◽  
L. Hanzo
Keyword(s):  
Transformation Matrix ◽  
Selective Transformation ◽  
Broadband Beamforming

Pt-Pd Nanoalloy for the Unprecedented Activation of Carbon-Fluorine Bond at Low Temperature

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raghu Nath Dhital ◽  
keigo nomura ◽  
Yoshinori Sato ◽  
Setsiri Haesuwannakij ◽  
Masahiro Ehara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Dft Calculations ◽  
Bond Activation ◽  
Mild Conditions ◽  
Selective Transformation ◽  
Rate Determining Step ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Harsh Conditions ◽  
Reaction Profile

Carbon-Fluorine (C-F) bonds are considered the most inert organic functionality and their selective transformation under mild conditions remains challenging. Herein, we report a highly active Pt-Pd nanoalloy as a robust catalyst for the transformation of C-F bonds into C-H bonds at low temperature, a reaction that often required harsh conditions. The alloying of Pt with Pd is crucial to activate C-F bond. The reaction profile kinetics revealed that the major source of hydrogen in the defluorinated product is the alcoholic proton of 2-propanol, and the rate-determining step is the reduction of the metal upon transfer of the <i>beta</i>-H from 2-propanol. DFT calculations elucidated that the key step is the selective oxidative addition of the O-H bond of 2-propanol to a Pd center prior to C-F bond activation at a Pt site, which crucially reduces the activation energy of the C-F bond. Therefore, both Pt and Pd work independently but synergistically to promote the overall reaction

Systematic Construction of the Equations of Motion for Multibody Systems Containing Closed Kinematic Loops

1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. Nikravesh ◽  
G. Gim
Keyword(s):  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Transformation Matrix ◽  
Velocity Transformation ◽  
Constraint Equations ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Lagrange Multiplier Technique ◽  
Joint Coordinates ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Kinematic Loops ◽  
Equations Of Motions

Abstract This paper presents a systematic method for deriving the minimum number of equations of motion for multibody system containing closed kinematic loops. A set of joint or natural coordinates is used to describe the configuration of the system. The constraint equations associated with the closed kinematic loops are found systematically in terms of the joint coordinates. These constraints and their corresponding elements are constructed from known block matrices representing different kinematic joints. The Jacobian matrix associated with these constraints is further used to find a velocity transformation matrix. The equations of motions are initially written in terms of the dependent joint coordinates using the Lagrange multiplier technique. Then the velocity transformation matrix is used to derive a minimum number of equations of motion in terms of a set of independent joint coordinates. An illustrative example and numerical results are presented, and the advantages and disadvantages of the method are discussed.

A Method for Tracking a Solid Body in a Fluid Field in Immersed Boundary Methods

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangfa Yao
Keyword(s):  
Level Set ◽  
Solid Body ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Transformation Matrix ◽  
The Body ◽  
New Method ◽  
Immersed Boundary ◽  
Body Interaction ◽  
Level Set Function ◽  
Set Function

Immersed boundary method has got increasing attention in modeling fluid-solid body interaction using computational fluid dynamics due to its robustness and simplicity. It usually simulates fluid-solid body interaction by adding a body force in the momentum equation. This eliminates the body conforming mesh generation that frequently requires a very labor-intensive and challenging task. But accurately tracking an arbitrary solid body is required to simulate most real world problems. In this paper, a few methods that are used to track a rigid solid body in a fluid domain are briefly reviewed. A new method is presented to track an arbitrary rigid solid body by solving a transformation matrix and identifying it using a level set function. Knowing level set function, the solid volume fraction can be derived if needed. A three-dimensional example is used to study a few methods used to represent and solve the transformation matrix, and demonstrate the presented new method.

3D mapping of kinematic attributes in anisotropic media

Geophysics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. C159-C170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuriy Ivanov ◽  
Alexey Stovas
Keyword(s):  
Anisotropic Medium ◽  
Heterogeneous Media ◽  
Homogeneous Medium ◽  
Anisotropic Media ◽  
Transformation Matrix ◽  
3D Mapping ◽  
Slowness Surface ◽  
Point Correspondence ◽  
Geometric Spreading ◽  
Point To Point

Based on the rotation of a slowness surface in anisotropic media, we have derived a set of mapping operators that establishes a point-to-point correspondence for the traveltime and relative-geometric-spreading surfaces between these calculated in nonrotated and rotated media. The mapping approach allows one to efficiently obtain the aforementioned surfaces in a rotated anisotropic medium from precomputed surfaces in the nonrotated medium. The process consists of two steps: calculation of a necessary kinematic attribute in a nonrotated, e.g., orthorhombic (ORT), medium, and subsequent mapping of the obtained values to a transformed, e.g., rotated ORT, medium. The operators we obtained are applicable to anisotropic media of any type; they are 3D and are expressed through a general form of the transformation matrix. The mapping equations can be used to develop moveout and relative-geometric-spreading approximations in rotated anisotropic media from existing approximations in nonrotated media. Although our operators are derived in case of a homogeneous medium and for a one-way propagation only, we discuss their extension to vertically heterogeneous media and to reflected (and converted) waves.

scholarly journals Automatic Calculation of a Transformation Matrix Between Two Frames

IEEE Access ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 9614-9622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmine Cashbaugh ◽  
Christopher Kitts
Keyword(s):  
Transformation Matrix ◽  
Automatic Calculation
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