Privacy-preserving Hybrid Cloud Framework for Real-time TCL-based Demand Response

The high penetration of renewable energy brings great challenges to power system operation and scheduling. In this paper, a multi-timescale coordinated method for source-grid-load is proposed. First, the multi-timescale characteristics of wind forecasting power and demand response (DR) resources are described, and the coordinated framework of source-grid-load is presented under multi-timescale. Next, economic scheduling models of source-grid-load based on multi-timescale DR under network constraints are established in the process of day-ahead scheduling, intraday scheduling, and real-time scheduling. The loads are classified into three types in terms of different timescale. The security constraints of grid side and time-varying DR potential are considered. Three-stage stochastic programming is employed to schedule resources of source side and load side in day-ahead, intraday, and real-time markets. The simulations are performed in a modified Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 24-node system, which shows a notable reduction in total cost of source-grid-load scheduling and an increase in wind accommodation, and their results are proposed and discussed against under merely two timescales, which demonstrates the superiority of the proposed multi-timescale models in terms of cost and demand response quantity reduction.

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Techno-Economic Planning and Operation of the Microgrid Considering Real-Time Pricing Demand Response Program

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14154597 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (15) ◽

pp. 4597

Author(s):

Zi-Xuan Yu ◽

Meng-Shi Li ◽

Yi-Peng Xu ◽

Sheraz Aslam ◽

Yuan-Kang Li

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Demand Response ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Environmental Aspects ◽

Component Size ◽

Cost Of Energy ◽

Four Seasons ◽

Demand Response Program ◽

Real Time Pricing

The optimal planning of grid-connected microgrids (MGs) has been extensively studied in recent years. While most of the previous studies have used fixed or time-of-use (TOU) prices for the optimal sizing of MGs, this work introduces real-time pricing (RTP) for implementing a demand response (DR) program according to the national grid prices of Iran. In addition to the long-term planning of MG, the day-ahead operation of MG is also analyzed to get a better understanding of the DR program for daily electricity dispatch. For this purpose, four different days corresponding to the four seasons are selected for further analysis. In addition, various impacts of the proposed DR program on the MG planning results, including sizing and best configuration, net present cost (NPC) and cost of energy (COE), and emission generation by the utility grid, are investigated. The optimization results show that the implementation of the DR program has a positive impact on the technical, economic, and environmental aspects of MG. The NPC and COE are reduced by about USD 3700 and USD 0.0025/kWh, respectively. The component size is also reduced, resulting in a reduction in the initial cost. Carbon emissions are also reduced by 185 kg/year.

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A Privacy Preserving Model-Free Optimization and Control Framework for Demand Response from Residential Thermal Loads

2020 59th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) ◽

10.1109/cdc42340.2020.9304500 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

S. Sivaranjani ◽

P. R. Kumar ◽

Le Xie

Keyword(s):

Demand Response ◽

Privacy Preserving ◽

Thermal Loads ◽

Model Free ◽

Control Framework ◽

Optimization And Control ◽

And Control

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Online Learning Algorithms for the Real-Time Set-Point Tracking Problem

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11146620 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (14) ◽

pp. 6620

Author(s):

Arman Alahyari ◽

David Pozo ◽

Meisam Farrokhifar

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Power Systems ◽

Real Time ◽

Demand Response ◽

Tracking Problem ◽

Smart Meters ◽

Set Point ◽

Point Tracking ◽

Power Set ◽

Decision Making Framework

With the recent advent of technology within the smart grid, many conventional concepts of power systems have undergone drastic changes. Owing to technological developments, even small customers can monitor their energy consumption and schedule household applications with the utilization of smart meters and mobile devices. In this paper, we address the power set-point tracking problem for an aggregator that participates in a real-time ancillary program. Fast communication of data and control signal is possible, and the end-user side can exploit the provided signals through demand response programs benefiting both customers and the power grid. However, the existing optimization approaches rely on heavy computation and future parameter predictions, making them ineffective regarding real-time decision-making. As an alternative to the fixed control rules and offline optimization models, we propose the use of an online optimization decision-making framework for the power set-point tracking problem. For the introduced decision-making framework, two types of online algorithms are investigated with and without projections. The former is based on the standard online gradient descent (OGD) algorithm, while the latter is based on the Online Frank–Wolfe (OFW) algorithm. The results demonstrated that both algorithms could achieve sub-linear regret where the OGD approach reached approximately 2.4-times lower average losses. However, the OFW-based demand response algorithm performed up to twenty-nine percent faster when the number of loads increased for each round of optimization.

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Benefits and Cyber-Vulnerability of Demand Response System in Real-Time Grid Operations

2020 IEEE International Conference on Communications, Control, and Computing Technologies for Smart Grids (SmartGridComm) ◽

10.1109/smartgridcomm47815.2020.9302964 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mingjian Tuo ◽

Arun Venkatesh Ramesh ◽

Xingpeng Li

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Demand Response ◽

Response System ◽

Time Grid

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Energy management of a microgrid using demand response strategy including renewable uncertainties

International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems ◽

10.1515/ijeeps-2020-0188 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 85-100

Author(s):

Suchitra Dayalan ◽

Rajarajeswari Rathinam

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Energy Management ◽

Demand Response ◽

Effective Means ◽

Operating Cost ◽

Energy Resources ◽

Response Strategy ◽

Distributed Energy ◽

Real Time Control ◽

Minimum Operating

Abstract Microgrid is an effective means of integrating multiple energy sources of distributed energy to improve the economy, stability and security of the energy systems. A typical microgrid consists of Renewable Energy Source (RES), Controllable Thermal Units (CTU), Energy Storage System (ESS), interruptible and uninterruptible loads. From the perspective of the generation, the microgrid should be operated at the minimum operating cost, whereas from the perspective of demand, the energy cost imposed on the consumer should be minimum. The main key in controlling the relationship of microgrid with the utility grid is managing the demand. An Energy Management System (EMS) is required to have real time control over the demand and the Distributed Energy Resources (DER). Demand Side Management (DSM) assesses the actual demand in the microgrid to integrate different energy resources distributed within the grid. With these motivations towards the operation of a microgrid and also to achieve the objective of minimizing the total expected operating cost, the DER schedules are optimized for meeting the loads. Demand Response (DR) a part of DSM is integrated with MG islanded mode operation by using Time of Use (TOU) and Real Time Pricing (RTP) procedures. Both TOU and RTP are used for shifting the controllable loads. RES is used for generator side cost reduction and load shifting using DR performs the load side control by reducing the peak to average ratio. Four different cases with and without the PV, wind uncertainties and ESS are analyzed with Demand Response and Unitcommittment (DRUC) strategy. The Strawberry (SBY) algorithm is used for obtaining the minimum operating cost and to achieve better energy management of the Microgrid.

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