Diurnal and spatial variation of xylem dielectric constant in Norway Spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) as related to microclimate, xylem sap flow, and xylem chemistry

2002 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. 2063-2082 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.C. McDonald ◽  
R. Zimmermann ◽  
J.S. Kimball
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Sap Flow ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Xylem Sap Flow

scholarly journals Water content and bark thickness of Norway spruce (Picea abies) stems: phloem water capacitance and xylem sap flow

2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 613-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Gall ◽  
W. Landolt ◽  
P. Schleppi ◽  
V. Michellod ◽  
J. B. Bucher
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Sap Flow ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Bark Thickness ◽  
Xylem Sap Flow

scholarly journals Microscale Xylem Sap Flow Sensor Facilitating the Simultaneous Measurement of Flow Velocity and Direction

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (13) ◽  
pp. 824
Author(s):  
Yuki Hara ◽  
Naoki Hara ◽  
Hiroki Ishizuka ◽  
Kyohei Terao ◽  
Hidekuni Takao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Simultaneous Measurement ◽  
Sap Flow ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Flow Sensor ◽  
Functional Verification ◽  
Thermal Flow Sensor ◽  
Quantitative Monitoring ◽  
Mems Technology ◽  
Xylem Sap Flow

In this study, we focused on direct and quantitative monitoring of sap dynamics in plant stems, and proposed the microscale xylem sap flow sensor. This sensor facilitates the simultaneous measurement of flow velocity and direction by combining the principles of a Granier sensor and a thermal flow sensor. We fabricated micro-sensor chips for functional verification by using MEMS technology, and assembled them on a resin film to facilitate mounting on the epidermis of plants. Furthermore, we measured the sap dynamics by using an experimental setup, and succeeded in measuring the flow velocity and direction at the same time.

scholarly journals In vivo pressure gradient heterogeneity increases flow contribution of small diameter vessels in grapevine

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Bouda ◽  
Carel W. Windt ◽  
Andrew J. McElrone ◽  
Craig R. Brodersen
Keyword(s):  
Sap Flow ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Fourth Power ◽  
First Year ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Xylem Sap Flow ◽  
Flow Mri ◽  
Vessel Network

AbstractLeaves lose approximately 400 H2O molecules for every 1 CO2 gained during photosynthesis. Most long-distance water transport in plants, or xylem sap flow, serves to replace this water to prevent desiccation. Theory predicts that the largest vessels contribute disproportionately to overall sap flow because flow in pipe-like systems scales with the fourth power of radius. Here, we confront these theoretical flow predictions for a vessel network reconstructed from X-ray μCT imagery with in vivo flow MRI observations from the same sample of a first-year grapevine stem. Theoretical flow rate predictions based on vessel diameters are not supported. The heterogeneity of the vessel network gives rise to transverse pressure gradients that redirect flow from wide to narrow vessels, reducing the contribution of wide vessels to sap flow by 15% of the total. Our results call for an update of the current working model of the xylem to account for its heterogeneity.

scholarly journals A Requirement for Sucrose in Xylem Sap Flow from Dormant Maple Trees

1987 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 495-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Johnson ◽  
Melvin T. Tyree ◽  
Michael A. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Sap Flow ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Xylem Sap Flow

Radial variations in xylem sap flow and their effect on whole-tree water use estimates

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (24) ◽  
pp. 4993-5002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-Guo Zhang ◽  
Qiu-Yue He ◽  
Wei-Yu Shi ◽  
Kyoichi Otsuki ◽  
Norikazu Yamanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Sap Flow ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Tree Water Use ◽  
Xylem Sap Flow ◽  
Whole Tree
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