Determination of Reliability Parameters of a Digital Multiplex Frame Strategy Using Markov Chains and a State Reduction Method

1983 ◽  
Vol R-32 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-385
Author(s):  
S.S. Liu ◽  
J.L. Hammond
Keyword(s):  
Markov Chains ◽  
Reduction Method ◽  
State Reduction ◽  
Reliability Parameters ◽  
Digital Multiplex

scholarly journals The Application of a Cadmium Reducer and a Diazotisation Reaction for the Determination of Nitrate and Nitrite in Tobacco / Über die Anwendung des Cadmium-Reduktors und der Diazotierung zur Bestimmung von Nitrat und Nitrit im Tabak

1965 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Dölberg
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Reduction Method ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Nitrate And Nitrite ◽  
Inferior Limit

AbstractNitrate is reduced by means of a cadmium reducer and spectrophotometrically determined in the form of nitrite by a diazotisation reaction. The results obtained by application of the described method to tobacco extracts correspond well to those resulting from the earlier described dimethylphenol procedure. Owing to its better sensitivity and specifity the reduction method is particularly suitable for the quantitative analysis of smallest amounts of nitrate. Quantities of 0.03 % of nitrate can be determined without difficulties. The inferior limit of detection is 0.001 %.

Quantitative Determination of Safety Integrity Level on Offshore Metering and Custody Transfer Facility

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Di´az-Herna´ndez ◽  
Mari´a Eloisa Pe´rez Medina ◽  
Rafael Melo Gonza´lez
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Fault Tree Analysis ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Minimal Cut Sets ◽  
Reliability Parameters ◽  
Safety Integrity Level ◽  
Primary Element ◽  
Oil Tanker ◽  
Innovative Concept

A quantitative way for determining the Safety Integrity Level of Safety Instrumented System (SIS) on Offshore Metering and Custody Transfer Facility in Campeche Bay Mexico is presented in this work. The methodology that was employed in order to assess and determine the Reliability parameters of SIS; which was carried out in three steps: 1. Identify undesirable events that can damage to personnel using the API-14C and to, the facility and the environment (by oil spill in hoses when the oil tanker is filled), 2. Estimate the severity and consequences of risk, using safety layer matrix of ISA S84.01 and, 3. Quantify the severity of each risk identified with the fault tree analysis. This last step uses the minimal cut sets, an innovative concept in petroleum industry, this provides valuable information about possible combinations of fault events, that can result in a critical failure of the system. The period of maintenance of the main SIS components (sensors, logic solver and final element), was reduced applying redundancy in the primary element. Furthermore, the results obtained of this analysis can be used by insurance companies or institutions that certify under standards of process quality and safety.

Exact and ordinary lumpability in finite Markov chains

1994 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Buchholz
Keyword(s):  
Markov Chain ◽  
Markov Chains ◽  
Exact Determination ◽  
Finite Markov Chains

Exact and ordinary lumpability in finite Markov chains is considered. Both concepts naturally define an aggregation of the Markov chain yielding an aggregated chain that allows the exact determination of several stationary and transient results for the original chain. We show which quantities can be determined without an error from the aggregated process and describe methods to calculate bounds on the remaining results. Furthermore, the concept of lumpability is extended to near lumpability yielding approximative aggregation.

scholarly journals Markov chains and the determination of fair premiums

1967 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Vajda
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Process ◽  
Markov Chains ◽  
Stochastic Processes ◽  
Mathematical Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Main Stream ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Pure Mathematics ◽  
The University

The relationships between actuarial and pure mathematics are curious. Actuaries have contributed to the development of mathematical theory: it is sufficient to mention, as examples, Fredholm of an earlier, and Cramér of a more recent generation. Scandinavian mathematicians, in particular, have been concerned with a very special type of stochastic process, reflected in the collective theory of risk, and the work of Philipson, Ammeter and others in this field is well known to readers of this Bulletin. However, the main stream of the theory of stochastic processes has little contact with actuarial applications.On the other hand, many actuaries have studied and assimilated pure mathematics and have thrown light on actuarial matters by describing their own preoccupations in the terminology of modern, often abstract, mathematics. E. Franckx is one of their number.The Instituto di Matematica Finanziaria of the University of Trieste (Faculty of Economics and Commerce) has published a booklet entitledEssai d'une théorie opérationnelle des risques Markoviens which contains three lectures delivered by Professor Franckx in Trieste and a contribution which he presented to the 17th Congress of Actuaries, held in London in 1964.

Automated Micro Measurement of Glucose by Means of o-Toluidine

1969 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 1162-1170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E Wenk ◽  
Ronald J Creno ◽  
Valerie Loock ◽  
John Bernard Henry
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Closed System ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Reduction Method ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Protein Precipitation ◽  
Ferricyanide Reduction ◽  
Continuous Flow Analysis

Abstract The method described is based on Dubowski’s o-toluidine procedure for the determination of glucose in plasma, serum, or cerebrospinal fluid. It utilizes the rapidity, precision, and closed system of continuous flow analysis of an unmodified AutoAnalyzer to substantially increase sensitivity and accuracy in the low range. The method is more specific than the ferricyanide reduction method. Protein precipitation or dialysis are unnecessary except for hemolyzed specimens and only 0.042 ml of sample are required. The method is inexpensive, easily performed, and compares favorably on a practical basis with enzymatic, reducing, and other aniline dye methods.

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