AbstractThe improvement of nanofabrication is one of the driving forces behind advancements in the fields of electronics, photonics and sensors. Precise control over nanoscale architecture is an essential aspect in relating new size-dependent material properties. Direct writing methods such as Electron Beam Lithography (EBL), enable precise “user-defined” writing of nanostructures in a wide range of materials. Using electrodynamics calculations, Schatz and coworkers have discovered one dimensional array structures built from spherical silver nanoparticles that produce remarkably narrow plasmon resonance spectra upon irradiation with light that is polarized perpendicularly to the array axis. In order to investigate these interactions, precise control of nanoparticle orientation, size, shape and spacing is necessary. If the overall structures have excessive defects then the effect may not be seen. To have the best control over array fabrication and to look at these interactions experimentally, EBL was used to construct lines of circular cylinders of varying interparticle spacings. Dark field microscopy was used to look at overall sample homogeneity and collect the single particle plasmon resonance spectrum. Additionally, a UV-visible spectrometer with a variable angle stage was used to look at the bulk line properties. With experimental verification of the theory will lead to not only a more thorough understanding of the underlying principles of nanophotonics, but also application in biosensing, that potentially improve on current technologies.
Local electric field direct writing – Electron-beam lithography and mechanism