This chapter discusses the use of smart antennas in Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) systems. First, we give a brief overview of smart antenna classification and techniques and describe the issues that are important to consider when applying these techniques in CDMA systems. These include system architecture, array antennas, channel models, transmitter and receiver strategies, beamforming algorithms, and hybrid (beamforming and diversity) approach. Next, we discuss modeling of smart antennas systems. We present an analytical model providing rapid and accurate assessment of the performance of CDMA systems employing a smart antenna. Next, we discuss a simulation strategy for an adaptive beamforming system. A comparison between the analytical results and the simulation results is performed followed by a suitable discussion.
Author Correction: Subpixel three-dimensional laser imaging with a downscaled avalanche photodiode array using code division multiple access