The Novel Sequence Distance Measuring Algorithm Based on Optimal Transport and Cross-Attention Mechanism

In this paper, we propose a novel sequence distance measuring algorithm based on optimal transport (OT) and cross-attention mechanism. Given a source sequence and a target sequence, we first calculate the ground distance between each pair of source and target terms of the two sequences. The ground distance is calculated over the subsequences around the two terms. We firstly pay attention from each the source terms to each target terms with attention weights, so that we have a representative source subsequence vector regarding each term in the target subsequence. Then, we pay attention from each representative vector of the term of the target subsequence to the entire source subsequence. In this way, we construct the cross-attention weights and use them to calculate the pairwise ground distances. With the ground distances, we derive the OT distance between the two sequences and train the attention parameters and ground distance metric parameters together. The training process is conducted with training triplets of sequences, where each triplet is composed of an anchor sequence, a must-link sequence, and a cannot-link sequence. The corresponding hinge loss function of each triplet is minimized, and we develop an iterative algorithm to solve the optimal transport problem and the attention/ground distance metric parameters in an alternate way. The experiments over sequence similarity search benchmark datasets, including text, video, and rice smut protein sequence data, are conducted. The experimental results show the algorithm is effective.

Automation Use and Dis-Use in Golf: The Impact of Distance Measuring Devices on Trust in Technology and Confidence in Determining Distance

An athlete’s decision to use technology depends on trust in the automation, and confidence in their abilities. Distance measuring devices (DMD) are used in golf to estimate yardage. The purpose of these studies was to examine how DMD usage affects trust in the DMD, confidence in determining yardage manually, and golf performance over time. In study 1, DMD non-users played four rounds of golf, two with the DMD and two without. In study 2, DMD users played five rounds, three with the device, and two without. Participants’ trust in automation, confidence, and performance were recorded by online survey at baseline and following each round. Giving a DMD to non-users influenced trust in automation and confidence. When DMD users relinquished the device, confidence decreased briefly but rebounded quickly, trust in automation was unaffected. Performance was unchanged in both groups. These studies provide information about how confidence in abilities and trust in automation interact.

Minimum Distance Warning and Braking System for Vehicles

A vehicle distance measuring safety warning and braking system is disclosed having one or more distance measurement sensors measuring the distance from the driver's vehicle to a second vehicle immediately in front, the minimum distance between the vehicle and any object depends on the speed of the vehicle and here the speed of the vehicle is measured by calculating RPM(revolutions per minute) of wheels, based on the calculated minimum distance the speed of the vehicle is regulated by auto-lever mechanism. A vehicle distance alarm alerts the driver when the distance between the driver's vehicle and the second vehicle is less than a configured minimum distance, indicating an unsafe driving condition. An event record display device displays the time/date or the last twenty occurrences of the distance warning alarm. When an alarm is generated, a throttle set-back actuator operates to gently and automatically slow the car and increase vehicle to vehicle distance. Vehicle brakes may be automatically applied by the system to further slow the vehicle. The vehicle distance measuring safety warning system provides an additional margin of safety for a driver who may be distracted while driving.

“The Contactless Badge” designed IR Thermometer Evaluating Temperature & Social Physical Distancing Fabricating the MLX90614 during Covid 19

<p></p><p>The study ameliorates the feasibility of IR thermometer, and to introduce a novel design with upgraded applications & functions. The custom compact device (shape illustrates a “Badge”) measures the surface temperature of a body and received data processed through a microcontroller (AtMega328P). The device functions in a way that if there is any thermal change from ambient temperature (D-1 m), the mode is activated and triggers a pre-defined alert. For distance measuring, it measures the intensity of IR radiation emitted by a body from a particular direction. It also reads the temperature when it comes across a body. It will provide an optimum way in the primary healthcare instrumentation and helpful for noncontact, quick, and accurate measurement of moving and high temperature body.</p><br><p></p>

Wildlife Population Estimates by Census and Distance Measuring Techniques

Methodologies based on counting the number of sightings to estimate are described. These techniques are particularly useful for large or easily seen animals such as birds, large grassland mammals, whales, crocodilians, and large, active insects such as butterflies. Point and line survey methods are described. Distance sampling methods, including Fourier series estimators, are presented, and R code listings to undertake the computations presented. Plotless density estimators are described based on nearest-neighbour, and closest-individual measurements are described.