Risk/Risk Trade‐offs in Pesticide Regulation: An Exploratory Analysis of the Public Health Effects of a Ban on Organophosphate and Carbamate Pesticides

Risk Analysis ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 665-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
George M. Gray ◽  
James K. Hammitt
Pained ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 29-30
Author(s):  
Michael D. Stein ◽  
Sandro Galea

This chapter addresses how racism presents a clear threat to the health of populations. In 2018, President Donald Trump made racist comments toward countries with predominantly nonwhite populations. Why did the president’s racism matter for the health of the public? To answer this question, one needs to understand where health comes from. Health is the product of the social, economic, and cultural context in which people live. This context is also shaped by social norms that do much to determine people’s behaviors and their consequences. Changing these norms can produce both positive and negative health effects. On the positive side, changing norms can promote health, by making unacceptable unhealthy conditions and behaviors that were once common, even celebrated. On the negative side, changing norms for the worse can empower elements of hate in society. When a president promotes hate, it shifts norms, suggesting that hate does in fact have a place in the country and the world. This opens the door to more hate crimes, more exclusion of minority groups from salutary resources, and little to no effort to address racial health gaps.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 01-07
Author(s):  
Emmanuel A Agege

Early marriage is the marriage done before or during adolescence, about 60% to 70% girls are forced to married early ages in several African and Asian countries. Even their basic human rights are not provided to them; these resulted several psychological and physiological health problems. The purpose of this paper is to narratively review the health problems/issues inherent in forced marriage and enunciate the roles of the public health care in ameliorating them. There was review of the health effects of early marriage grouped into psychological, pathophysiological, antenatal malaria and socio-cultural injustice, recommendations on how the public health-care roles can be useful tools to combating these unhealthy practices fostered by obsolete traditional beliefs and gross ignorance from both the victims and their parents. From the review of the previous studies, though no previous study has been documented in my locations for the study, there were great negative impactful health effects of early marriage on women, it was also obvious that the public health care providers can be vital in controlling or reducing these age-long anomalies. The grave dangers of early marriage on women were elucidated, its prevalence, the adverse consequences on the women as obviously observed were critically examined with enthusiasm and concerns. Therefore, the recommendations as per the roles of primary healthcare which includes teaching, surveillance, screening etc., in mitigating should be seriously adopted to curb the trend.


2001 ◽  
Vol 344 (15) ◽  
pp. 1160-1161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia H. Kawas ◽  
Ron Brookmeyer

Data & Policy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica Qin Ting Li ◽  
Masaru Yarime

Abstract Contemporary data tools such as online dashboards have been instrumental in monitoring the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. These real-time interactive platforms allow citizens to understand the local, regional, and global spread of COVID-19 in a consolidated and intuitive manner. Despite this, little research has been conducted on how citizens respond to the data on the dashboards in terms of the pandemic and data governance issues such as privacy. In this paper, we seek to answer the research question: how can governments use data tools, such as dashboards, to balance the trade-offs between safeguarding public health and protecting data privacy during a public health crisis? This study used surveys and semi-structured interviews to understand the perspectives of the developers and users of COVID-19 dashboards in Hong Kong. A typology was also developed to assess how Hong Kong’s dashboards navigated trade-offs between data disclosure and privacy at a time of crisis compared to dashboards in other jurisdictions. Results reveal that two key factors were present in the design and improvement of COVID-19 dashboards in Hong Kong: informed actions based on open COVID-19 case data, and significant public trust built on data transparency. Finally, this study argues that norms surrounding reporting on COVID-19 cases, as well as cases for future pandemics, should be co-constructed among citizens and governments so that policies founded on such norms can be acknowledged as salient, credible, and legitimate.


The Lancet ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 380 ◽  
pp. S34
Author(s):  
Sikha de Souza ◽  
Mark Temple ◽  
Joanna Charles ◽  
Siobhan Jones ◽  
Shantini Paranjothy ◽  
...  

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