scholarly journals Duration of ruptured membranes and mother-to-child HIV transmission: a prospective population-based surveillance study

2015 ◽  
Vol 123 (6) ◽  
pp. 975-981 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Peters ◽  
L Byrne ◽  
A De Ruiter ◽  
K Francis ◽  
K Harding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Surveillance Study ◽  
Mother To Child

scholarly journals Who Is Going for VCT? A Case Study in Urban Burkina Faso

ISRN AIDS ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Fati Kirakoya-Samadoulougou ◽  
Seydou Yaro ◽  
Paulin Fao ◽  
Marie-Christine Defer ◽  
François Ilboudo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Hiv Counselling And Testing ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Mother To Child ◽  
New Strategies ◽  
Population Based Survey

Introduction. Voluntary HIV counselling and testing (VCT) is a key element of treatment and is essential for prevention of vertical HIV transmission. Little information is available on the uptake of VCT in Burkina Faso. This study aims to assess the prevalence of VCT in urban Burkina Faso, where the epidemic is still highly concentrated. Methods. We conducted a two-stage clustered population-based survey among 1,694 subjects living in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. After informed consent was obtained, a behavioural questionnaire was administered to participants. Results. Overall, 10.2% of individuals had used VCT, while 9% were women. Among women who had a child after the launch of the programme to prevent mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT), only 10.4% have been tested for HIV. Almost all participants (99.3%) were aware of HIV/AIDS, and 65% knew the main methods of prevention. In multivariate analysis, older age and being married and better educated were independent factors associated with VCT. Conclusions. Despite high public knowledge and awareness about HIV, VCT uptake was still very low and PMTCT coverage was poor. New strategies are required to increase VCT uptake in urban areas, in particular among the youngest age.

Incidence of paediatric 10-fold medication errors in Wales

2020 ◽  
pp. archdischild-2020-319130
Author(s):  
Yincent Tse ◽  
David Tuthill
Keyword(s):  
Medication Errors ◽  
Reporting System ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Population Surveillance ◽  
Near Miss ◽  
Surveillance Study ◽  
High Resource ◽  
Improvement Strategies ◽  
Iatrogenic Harm

ObjectivesTo estimate the incidence, characteristics and outcomes of 10-fold or greater or a tenth or less medication errors in children aged <16 years in Wales.DesignPopulation-based surveillance study July 2017 to June 2019. Cases were identified by paediatricians and hospital pharmacists using monthly electronic Welsh Paediatric Surveillance Unit (WPSU) reporting system.Patients‘Definite’ incident occurred when children received all or any of the incorrect dose of medication. ‘Near miss’ was where the prescribed, prepared or dispensed medication was not administered to the child.Main outcome measuresIncidence, patient characteristics, setting, drug characteristics, outcome, harm and enabling or preventive factors.ResultsIn total, 50 10-fold errors were reported; 20 definite and 30 near miss cases. This yields a minimum annual incidence of 1 per 3797 admissions, or 4.6/100 000 children. Of these, 43 were overdoses and 7 underdoses. 33 incidents occurred in children <5 years of age. Overall, 37 different medications were involved with the majority, 31 cases, being administered enterally. Of these 31 enteral medication errors, all definite cases (10) had received liquid preparations. Temporary harm occurred in 5/20 (25%) definite cases with one requiring intensive care; all fully recovered.ConclusionsIn this first ever population surveillance study in a high-resource healthcare system, 10-fold errors in children were rare, sometimes prevented and uncommonly caused harm. We recommend country-wide improvements be made to reduce iatrogenic harm. Understanding the enabling and preventive factors may help national improvement strategies to reduce these errors.

scholarly journals The Uptake of Integrated Perinatal Prevention of Mother-to-Child HIV Transmission Programs in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. e56550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorainne Tudor Car ◽  
Serena Brusamento ◽  
Hoda Elmoniry ◽  
Michelle H. M. M. T. van Velthoven ◽  
Utz J. Pape ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Mother To Child ◽  
Low And Middle Income

scholarly journals Increasing Access and Adherence to the PMTCT Cascade: Is There a Role for Economic Strengthening Interventions?

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Yacobson ◽  
Morrisa Malkin ◽  
Elena Lebetkin
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Randomised Trial ◽  
Retention In Care ◽  
Economic Barriers ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Women With Hiv ◽  
Mother To Child ◽  
Economic Strengthening ◽  
Pmtct Cascade

Interventions aimed at prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV are extremely effective but remain underutilized in many countries. Common economic barriers to PMTCT experienced by pregnant women with HIV are well documented. Addressing these economic barriers has a potential to improve PMTCT utilization and further reduce mother-to-child HIV transmission. This review examines the evidence of the effects economic strengthening (ES) interventions have on use of and adherence to PMTCT and other health services relevant to PMTCT cascade. While very few studies on ES interventions were conducted in PMTCT settings, the results of a recent randomised trial demonstrate that conditional cash transfers offered to women in PMTCT programme can significantly improve retention in care and adherence to treatment. This review also considers evidence on ES interventions conducted within other health care settings relevant to PMTCT cascade. While the evidence from other settings is promising, it may not be fully applicable to PMTCT and more quality research on ES interventions among population of pregnant women with HIV is needed. Answering some of the research questions formulated by this review can provide more evidence for programme implementers and guide decisions about how to increase women’s use of and adherence to PMTCT services.

A protracted mumps outbreak in Western Australia despite high vaccine coverage: a population-based surveillance study

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren W Westphal ◽  
Ashley Eastwood ◽  
Avram Levy ◽  
Jane Davies ◽  
Clare Huppatz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Surveillance Study

scholarly journals Female perspectives of male partners’ inclusion in the prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission programme in KwaZulu-Natal

Curationis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mondli Miya ◽  
Tennyson Mgutshini
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Child Health Services ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Male Partners ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Financial Investment ◽  
Mother To Child

Background: The South African government intervened by implementing the prevention of mother–to-child transmission programme (PMTCT) to curb the HIV transmission from mother to child during and after pregnancy. The PMTCT programme has been at the forefront of global prevention efforts since 1998. Without treatment, the risk of transmission ranges from one in five to one in two newborns; however, the risk of mother-to-child transmission can be reduced to as low as 2%–5% with evidenced interventions. Sub-Saharan Africa, and most particularly South Africa, is the most affected by the pandemic despite having the largest financial investment in PMTCT services across the continent.Objectives: The objectives of the study were to describe and explore the female perspectives of male inclusion in the prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission programme in KwaZulu-Natal.Methodology: A qualitative, descriptive, explorative study was conducted through in-depth individual interview of pregnant women until data saturation.Results: The findings of the study revealed that the existing design of public hospitals was not wholly conducive to facilitating male inclusion in maternal and child health services. Resources were largely insufficient to support the participation of pregnant mothers and any attempts to support the inclusion of males needed to be based on a clear increase in service provision.Conclusion: The study recommended male partners’ inclusion in the prevention of mother- to-child HIV transmission to support effective management of HIV in pregnancy and PMTCT programmes. The inclusion of men will provide the holistic support needed by pregnant women on PMTCT programmes.

scholarly journals High HIV prevalence and associated factors in a remote community in the Rwenzori region of Western Uganda

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Rubaihayo ◽  
Akib Surat ◽  
Mughusu Ezekiel ◽  
Abaasa Andrew
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Risk Behaviour ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Community Perceptions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multiple Sexual Partners ◽  
Western Uganda

In Uganda, previous studies have shown a tremendous decline in HIV prevalence over the past two decades due to changes in sexual behavior with a greater awareness of the risks involved. However, studies in Fort-Portal municipality, a rural town in Western Uganda, continued to show a persistent high HIV prevalence despite the various interventions in place. We conducted a study to establish the current magnitude of HIV prevalence and the factors associated with HIV prevalence in this community. This cross-sectional study was conducted between July and November 2008. Participants were residents of Fort-Portal municipality aged 15-49 years. A population-based HIV sero-survey and a clinical review of prevention of mother to child HIV transmission (PMTCT) and voluntary counseling and HIV Testing (VCT) records were used to collect quantitative data. An inteviewer administered structured questionnaire was used to collect qualitative data on social deographics, risk behaviour and community perceptions. Focus group discussions (FGDs) and in-depth interviews provided supplementary data on community perceptions. Logistic regression was used in the analysis. The overall HIV prevalence in the general population was 16.1% [95% CI; 12.5-20.6]. Prevalence was lower among women (14.5%; 95% CI; 10.0-19.7) but not significantly different from that among men (18.7%; 95% CI; 12.5-26.3) (c2=0.76, P=0.38). Having more than 2 sexual partners increased the odds of HIV by almost 2.5 times. None or low education and age over 35 years were independently associated with HIV prevalence (P<0.05). Most participants attributed the high HIV prevalence to promiscuity/multiple sexual partners (32.5%), followed by prostitution (13.6%), alcoholism (10.1%), carelessness (10.1%), poverty (9.7%), ignorance (9.5%)), rape (4.7%), drug abuse (3.6%) and others (malice/malevolence, laziness, etc.) (6.2%). Although there was a slight decline compared to previous reports, the results from this study confirm that HIV prevalence is still high in this community. In order to prevent new infections, the factors mentioned above need to be addressed, and we recommend that education aimed at changing individual behavior should be intensified in this community.

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