Male heterogametic sex determination in Rana dybowskii based on sex‐linked molecular markers

Frogs are ideal organisms for studying sex chromosome evolution because of their diversity in sex chromosome differentiation and sex-determination systems. We review 222 anuran frogs, spanning ~220 Myr of divergence, with characterized sex chromosomes, and discuss their evolution, phylogenetic distribution and transitions between homomorphic and heteromorphic states, as well as between sex-determination systems. Most (~75%) anurans have homomorphic sex chromosomes, with XY systems being three times more common than ZW systems. Most remaining anurans (~25%) have heteromorphic sex chromosomes, with XY and ZW systems almost equally represented. There are Y-autosome fusions in 11 species, and no W-/Z-/X-autosome fusions are known. The phylogeny represents at least 19 transitions between sex-determination systems and at least 16 cases of independent evolution of heteromorphic sex chromosomes from homomorphy, the likely ancestral state. Five lineages mostly have heteromorphic sex chromosomes, which might have evolved due to demographic and sexual selection attributes of those lineages. Males do not recombine over most of their genome, regardless of which is the heterogametic sex. Nevertheless, telomere-restricted recombination between ZW chromosomes has evolved at least once. More comparative genomic studies are needed to understand the evolutionary trajectories of sex chromosomes among frog lineages, especially in the ZW systems.

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Identification of potential molecular markers for flower sex determination in Vernicia fordii

The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology ◽

10.1080/14620316.2017.1362963 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 93 (3) ◽

pp. 264-271 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yingji Mao ◽

Jinyan Hou ◽

Xue Chen ◽

Jun Ni ◽

Weiwei Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Markers ◽

Sex Determination ◽

Vernicia Fordii

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RAPD-based analysis of differences between male and female genotypes of Asparagus officinalis

Horticultural Science ◽

10.17221/70/2011-hortsci ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 39 (No. 1) ◽

pp. 33-37 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Y. Ii ◽

A. Uragami ◽

Y. Uno ◽

M. Kanechi ◽

N. Inagaki

Keyword(s):

Molecular Markers ◽

Sex Determination ◽

Genomic Dna ◽

Asparagus Officinalis ◽

Breeding Line ◽

Male And Female ◽

Future Studies ◽

Random Primers

Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) plants are dioecious. All-male cultivars are desired because of their higher yields. To increase the proportion of male individuals planted in the field and expedite the breeding of all-male cultivars in asparagus, development of generally applicable molecular markers to distinguish male and female individuals is required. Bulked genomic DNA samples from ten male (XY) and ten female (XX) plants was screened with 10-bp random primers. Of the 188 primers tested, the primer T35R54 produced a 1600-bp fragment observed only in male individuals. The specificity of this T35R54-1600 marker was verified using DNA from one supermale (YY) and one female (XX) breeding line and their four F<sub>1</sub> progenies (XY). The T35R54-1600 marker fragment was observed in both supermale and all-male lines. The sequence of the T35R54 primer (5'-TTCACGGTGG-3') was absent among the sequences of primers or amplified fragments from previous studies. Therefore, this marker could be useful as a sex-related marker in future studies to increase the reliability of sex determination in asparagus.

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The Staurotypus Turtles and Aves Share the Same Origin of Sex Chromosomes but Evolved Different Types of Heterogametic Sex Determination

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0105315 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. e105315 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Taiki Kawagoshi ◽

Yoshinobu Uno ◽

Chizuko Nishida ◽

Yoichi Matsuda

Keyword(s):

Sex Determination ◽

Sex Chromosomes ◽

Different Types ◽

Heterogametic Sex

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Sex Determination in the Near Threatened Guadalupe Fur Seal: Molecular Markers and Their Potential Applications

Open Journal of Animal Sciences ◽

10.4236/ojas.2014.45034 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 04 (05) ◽

pp. 270-277 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Simona Sanvito ◽

Anna Fabiani ◽

Filippo Galimberti

Keyword(s):

Molecular Markers ◽

Sex Determination ◽

Fur Seal ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Near Threatened

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Assessment of seed quality and sex determination in hop seedlings using molecular markers

Ciência e Natura ◽

10.5902/2179460x43135 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

pp. e45

Author(s):

Marília Pereira Machado ◽

Andreza Cerioni Belniaki ◽

André Felipe Bernert ◽

Erik Nunes Gomes ◽

João Carlos Bespalhok Filho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Markers ◽

Sex Determination ◽

Seed Quality ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Brewing Industry ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Normal Seedling ◽

Physiological Quality ◽

Male Specific

Brazil is the world's third largest beer consumer and currently imports all of its hops for the brewing industry. Such a fact justifies the selection of hop genotypes adapted for cultivation locally, which requires high quality seeds and efficient sex determination of the seedlings. The objectives of this study were to develop a methodology to assess hop seed quality and to efficiently determine hop seedling sex through the use of male-specific molecular markers. Freshly harvested hop seeds were germinated with and without pre-chilling (3-5 ° C) for 3, 6 and 12 weeks and then germinated at 20 or 25 ° C in the presence or absence of light, evaluating germination percentage and germination speed index. F1 progenies were obtained from after seed germination in a greenhouse and seedlings sex was determined using male-specific molecular markers. The best conditions for physiological quality assessment of hop seeds used in the present study were pre-chilling for 12 weeks, followed by germination at 25 ° C, and normal seedling counts at 7 and 15 days. The progeny submitted to molecular marker sexing was composed of 61.3% female plants. The established methodologies presented here can be considered efficient and may contribute to expedite hops breeding programs.

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