scholarly journals Assessment of seed quality and sex determination in hop seedlings using molecular markers

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e45
Author(s):  
Marília Pereira Machado ◽  
Andreza Cerioni Belniaki ◽  
André Felipe Bernert ◽  
Erik Nunes Gomes ◽  
João Carlos Bespalhok Filho ◽  
...  

Brazil is the world's third largest beer consumer and currently imports all of its hops for the brewing industry. Such a fact justifies the selection of hop genotypes adapted for cultivation locally, which requires high quality seeds and efficient sex determination of the seedlings. The objectives of this study were to develop a methodology to assess hop seed quality and to efficiently determine hop seedling sex through the use of male-specific molecular markers. Freshly harvested hop seeds were germinated with and without pre-chilling (3-5 ° C) for 3, 6 and 12 weeks and then germinated at 20 or 25 ° C in the presence or absence of light, evaluating germination percentage and germination speed index. F1 progenies were obtained from after seed germination in a greenhouse and seedlings sex was determined using male-specific molecular markers. The best conditions for physiological quality assessment of hop seeds used in the present study were pre-chilling for 12 weeks, followed by germination at 25 ° C, and normal seedling counts at 7 and 15 days. The progeny submitted to molecular marker sexing was composed of 61.3% female plants. The established methodologies presented here can be considered efficient and may contribute to expedite hops breeding programs.

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 186
Author(s):  
Samara Dayse Da Luz Ayres ◽  
Jackson Silva Nóbrega ◽  
Riselane de Lucena Alcântara Bruno ◽  
Ademar Pereira De Oliveira ◽  
Edna Ursulino Alves ◽  
...  

Common beans are one of the most economically important legumes in the world. The determination of the ideal harvesting period may coincide with the maximum seed quality and vigor. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the physiology of growth and development of fruits, seeds and seedlings of two cultivars of common beans. To this end, two cultivars of common beans were used: the “Macarrão Trepador” and “Rasteiro Fartura” harvested every five days after anthesis (DAA). The pods were harvested and sent to the laboratory for seed analysis and extraction. In the laboratory, biometric characteristics of fruits and seeds, physiological quality (germination and vigor) and chemical composition of seeds were evaluated. The physiological maturity of “Macarrão Trepador” and “Rasteiro Fartura” cultivars occurred at 35 DAA, during which the seeds had the maximum dry matter and the minimum water content. The chemical composition of the seeds of both cultivars was similar, except for lignin, whose content was higher in “Rasteiro Fartura” cultivar at 25 DAA. The color and dry mass of fruits and seeds, germination percentage, first germination count, germination speed index and average germination time are the indicators that help in determining the physiological maturity point.


Food Control ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 726-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.L. Bai ◽  
R.H. Yin ◽  
S.J. Zhao ◽  
C. Li ◽  
Z.J. Ma ◽  
...  

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natassia Zamariola ◽  
João Almir Oliveira ◽  
Luiz Antônio Augusto Gomes ◽  
Michelle Fonseca Jácome ◽  
Leandro Vilela Reis

The use of methods and technologies such as drying and film coating can bring significant contributions to the farmer. This experiment was conducted in order to evaluate the effect of drying and film coating on the physiological quality of eggplant seeds during storage. Hybrid seeds UGA MS1 produced by the company Hortiagro - Ijaci, MG were used. Seeds were subjected to two types of drying: slow (room temperature) and quick (oven with forced air circulation at 35 ºC). The chemical treatment was performed with the Captan product at a dose of 250 grams per 100 kilograms of seed and for the recoating were used three doses of polymer: (0, 3 and 6 mL.kg-1 of seeds). The physiological quality of seeds was evaluated every three months until reaching the period of nine months using germination test, seedling emergence test and seedling establishment. There is a reduction of physiological seed quality during the storage. The slow drying of eggplant seeds results in better quality seeds. The use of polymer reduces the germination percentage, germination speed index and the percentage of seedling emergence.


2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Medeiros Gindri ◽  
Cileide Maria Medeiros Coelho ◽  
Clovis Arruda Souza ◽  
Isaac Heberle ◽  
Heitor Amadeu Prezzi

ABSTRACT Agrobiodiversity is essential for a sustainable food production, and the knowledge of the potential characteristics of landrace seeds may prompt farmers to adopt the habit of seed conservation for this species. This study aimed at categorizing landrace and commercial common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) accessions, according to the physiological quality (viability and vigor) of seeds produced in the field, during two growing seasons, under organic and conventional farming systems. Germination percentage, field emergence, electrical conductivity, accelerated aging, cold test and seedling length were assessed. The landrace bean accessions exhibit diversity in the physiological seed quality, in terms of their viability and vigor. No differences were observed between the farming systems, in relation to the physiological quality of the seeds produced. The categorization of landrace common bean accessions allows to identify those with superior physiological seed quality.


2019 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabíola Villa ◽  
Daniel Fernandes da Silva ◽  
Maria Cristina Copello Rotili ◽  
Neusa Francisca Michelon Herzog ◽  
Marlene de Matos Malavasi

ABSTRACT The main propagation mode of dovyalis is by seeds, what makes important to determine the ideal moment of fruit harvest. This study aimed to evaluate the physiological seed quality and harvest time of dovyalis fruits. To determine the fruit physical attributes, they were visually classified into five classes, according to the maturity stages, based on the external color of the exocarp: stage 1: green fruit; stage 2: yellowish-green; stage 3: yellowish-brown; stage 4: brown; stage 5: intense brown. The seed extraction to evaluate the physiological quality was based on the seed water content, germination percentage, germination speed index and determination of the dry biomass of the shoot, root and seedlings originated from these seeds. The experimental design was completely randomized, containing 25 seeds per treatment and 4 replicates. The fruit color during ripening varies from green to intense brown. The fruits reach their largest size and fresh biomass accumulation in the stage 4, with the brown exocarp color represented in the Munsell chart by 2.5YR 3/4. The removal of seeds for propagation should occur from the stage 2 (2.5GY 5/8), when the fruits have a yellowish-green color, although no statistical variation is observed in the number of seeds during maturation.


1988 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 242 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.B. Ellis ◽  
K.R. Bondioli ◽  
M.E. Williams ◽  
J.H. Pryor ◽  
M.M. Harpold

ForScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e00663
Author(s):  
Carlos Manoel Oliveira

Os setores de produção e de conservação de sementes dependem diretamente de trabalhos que determinem as melhores condições de armazenamento e que, consequentemente, garantam o maior período possível de manutenção da qualidade fisiológica da semente. Em regiões tropicais, há uma maior limitação no que tange à manutenção da qualidade fisiológica durante o período de armazenamento, principalmente em ambiente não controlado, cuja variação das condições ambientais pode influenciar sobremaneira a qualidade final de um lote de sementes. Objetivou-se, com o presente trabalho, avaliar a qualidade de sementes de duas cultivares de jiló (Solanum gilo Raddi), armazenadas em condições ambientais não controladas. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados com 5 repetições, em esquema fatorial 2x5, sendo duas cultivares de jiló (Morro Grande e Português) e 5 períodos de armazenamento (0, 30, 60, 90 e 120 dias de armazenamento). Avaliou-se a porcentagem de germinação, a porcentagem de emergência, o Índice de Velocidade de Emergência, o Coeficiente de Variação no Tempo, o Tempo Médio da Emergência, os Índices de Incerteza e de Sincronia da Emergência e a Frequência Relativa da Emergência de plântulas. A cultivar Português se apresentou com os melhores índices de porcentagem de germinação, porcentagem de emergência, índice de velocidade de emergência, tempo médio da emergência e coeficiente de variação do tempo da emergência, quando as sementes foram armazenadas por até dias em ambiente não controlado. A cultivar Português é indicada aos produtores de jiló visando produção de mudas, pois se mostrou superior a cultivar Morro Grande quando armazenadas por até 30 dias em ambiente não controlado. Após 30 dias de armazenamento, a utilização de sementes das duas cultivares não é indicado, pois a porcentagem de germinação cai consideravelmente. Palavras-Chave: Fitotecnia. Produção de sementes. Armazenamento.Viabilidade.   Seed quality of scarlet eggplant stored in environmental conditions not controlled Abstract The sectors of production and conservation of seeds depend directly from studies that determine the best storage conditions and that consequently guarantee the longest possible period of maintenance of physiological quality of seed. In tropical regions, there is a major limitation regarding the maintenance of physiological quality during storage period mainly in uncontrolled environment, whose variation of environmental conditions can greatly influence the final quality of a seed lot. The objective of this final paper was to evaluate the quality of seeds of two cultivars of scarlet eggplant (Solanun gilo Raddi), stored in environmental conditions not controlled. The experimental design used was randomized blocks with 05 replications in a factorial 2 x 5, being two cultivars of scarlet eggplant (Morro Grande and Portuguese) and 05 storage periods (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days of storage). Was evaluated the Percentage of Germination, Percentage of Emergence, Emergence Speed Index, Coefficient of Variation of the Time, Average Time of Emergency, Indexes of Uncertainty and Sync the Emergence and Relative Frequency of Seedling Emergence in the time. The Portuguese cultivar presented the best rates of Germination Percentage, Emergency Percentage, Emergency Speed Index, Average Emergence Time and Emergence Time Variation Coefficient, when seeds were stored for up to 30 days in an uncontrolled environment. The Portugues cultivar is indicated to jiló producers aiming seedling production because it was superior to Morro Grande cultivar when stored for up to 30 days in an uncontrolled environment. After 30 days of storage, the use of seeds from both cultivars is not indicated because the germination percentage drops considerably.  Keywords: Phytotechny. Seed production. Storage. Viability.


2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Devi Rusmin ◽  
Ireng Darwati

The experiment was conducted at Gunung Putri Experimental Station and PlantPhysiology Laboratory of Indonesian Medicinal and Aromatic Crops Research Institute(IMACRI), from November 2008 to July 2009. The aim of the experiment was to determinephysiological maturity of Pimpinella pruatjan seed and to study its morphological structures.Observation and sampling using one hundred plants with four replications. Results of theexperiment showed that the physiological seed maturity on the first and third umbell of P.Pruatjan was achieved at 7 weeks after anthesis, and physiological seed maturity on thesecond umbell was achieved at 8 weeks after anthesis. Seed dry weight on the physiologicalseed maturity on first, second and third umbells were 166,87; 158,20, and 141,35 mg/100pericarp, respectively. Germination percentage and germination speed on the first, secondand third umbells were 5,75 % and 0,22 %/etmal; 22,75 % and 0,94 %/etmal; 10,50 % and0,38 %/etmal, respectively.Keywords: flowering, pruatjan, seed quality, morphology


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Catherine Veronica Nnamani ◽  
Femi Emmanuel Awosanmi ◽  
Sunday Adesola Ajayi

African yam bean is a nutritionally-important but neglected food crop with several health benefits. But its large scale cultivation and consumption are still limited by lack of systematic genetic improvement and breeding programme for the crop. Preliminary studies have established that the inherent field establishment potential of African yam bean is low. Hence the need to screen available accessions to identify those with outstanding seed physiological qualities for selection as parental materials for further improvement. Thirty-four African yam bean accessions were collected from different farmers in five states of Southeastern Nigeria. Seed physiological quality (viability and vigour) was assessed using hundred seed weight, water imbibition, standard germination, accelerated ageing and conductivity tests. The mean squares due to varietal effect were significant (p < 0.05) for germination index and highly significant (p < 0.01) for all other traits. Accessions ENAGag, ENAGmg 1 and, ENAGmg 2 had high standard (> 80%) and accelerated ageing (> 70%) germination percentages. Only 11 of the accessions had an accelerated ageing germination percentage of above 50%. All but one of the 34 accessions had conductivity values less than 5.00 µScm-1 g-1. On the average, African yam bean seeds require up to 76.9% moisture of their initial weight over a period of approximately 53 hours prior for the commencement of germination process. Accessions ENAGag, ENAGmg 1, ENAGmg 2, ENNKob, ENNSog, IMISis, IMOKeo 1 and IMOKeo 3 were outstanding and are therefore potential candidates for genetic improvement of seed quality in African yam bean.


2008 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 300-307
Author(s):  
Vincent Echenard ◽  
François Lefort ◽  
Gautier Calmin ◽  
Robert Perroulaz ◽  
Lassaad Belhahri

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique with male associated decamer primer S1478 was used to amplify DNA from 72 leaf samples collected from Ginkgo biloba trees with known sexual determinism in the canton of Geneva, Switzerland. This marker was found to be male-specific and was lacking in all female plants. Automated random polymorphic DNA analysis (ARPA), a new automated technology developed in the frame of this work, proved highly effective in distinguishing males and females with 100% efficiency and successful in male and female discrimination from a collection of young seedlings derived from a sexual cross. Our findings provide unambiguous evidence that ARPA combined with the male-associated decamer primer S1478 could be considered an efficient, rapid, and easy method to make an early sex determination in the dioecious tree Ginkgo biloba.


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