Examination of inclusions in minerals makes the basis for analyzing the peculiarities of salt crystallizationin the Kaliningrad-Gdansk halogen block of the Central- European evaporite basin. Most of the studied sections are composed of fine – medium- grained rock made of halite impregnated with polyhalite, kieserite, carnallite and kainite. Threesystemsofmicro-inclusionsmaybedistinguishedamongthe wide diversity of inclusions: 1) inclusions of mineral-forming mediums; 2) inclusions of surrounding mediums; 3) solid inclusions captured by minerals during their growth from marine solutions. Thedead-endpositionofthestudybasinaccounts for the solutions enrichment in potassium and magnesium arriving from the neighboring German-Polish halogen- bearing areas. Theinflowingbrinewas desalinated by continental waters enriched in calcium and sulfate ions. Thisusedtoresultincreating conditions for polyhalite precipitation. Thepresenceofflatboat-shapedstructuresin halite and in kainite grains is most probably indicative of surficial crystallization of potassium and potassium-magnesium minerals. Carnalliteandbischofiteimpregnationsarerecordedinhalite, whichis indicative of theeutonicstagein the basin development and of manifestations of bottom crystallization of minerals and, accordingly, of the brine probable stratification. Therefore, at the moment of crystallization of potassium and potassium-magnesium minerals, the basin was peculiar foravailabilityoftwo-layeredbrine.
The data has been given on the possible commercial potassium content of halogen sediments from the Pogozhskaya rhythmic member within the Western part of the North Caspian depression. It has been shown that the detailed lithological and geochemical studies, with the construction of the thickness maps, allow allocating in the section the most promising intervals with the potassium mineralization, as well as the taking into account the direction of nipping of the productive intervals and, as a consequence, choosing the priority of the sites for prospecting. Chloride type of potassium mineralization is represented by carnallites and sylvinites. The latter are the main source of the potassium ore. Sulfate salt — kainite and kieserite - are allocated only within the North-Western part of the basin. It has been found that the sylvinite layer was formed as a result of entering of the solutions with lower concentration (at the level of the halite stage) to the water basin with the strong brine of carnallite-bischofite stage . It has been revealed that the sylvite from the potash intervals of the section of the pogozhskaya rhythmic member is a product of the decomposition of carnallite.
The purpose of this article is to study the activation of the Mir�id volcanic tuff with NaOH solutions at various concentrations. To be more specific, the work investigated the evolution of the concentrations of species that passed from the tuff into the activating solutions and the quantities of dissolved species from 100 g tuff. The species found in the activating solution were: potassium, magnesium, aluminium and silicon. The shape of the curves - a sudden increase followed by a plateau or a second stage of slower increase - allowed for setting up the optimal activation time at a half-hour. Another finding was the optimal concentration of 1 N for the activating solution. X-ray diffractograms showed the increase of clinoptilolite content in the tuff, thus improving the adsorbent as well as ion exchange properties by activation with NaOH solutions.
Metal ions play several major roles in proteins: structural, regulatory, and enzymatic. The binding of some metal ions increase stability of proteins or protein domains. Some metal ions can regulate various cell processes being first, second, or third messengers. Some metal ions, especially transition metal ions, take part in catalysis in many enzymes. From ten to twelve metals are vitally important for activity of living organisms: sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, manganese, iron, cobalt, zinc, nickel, vanadium, molybdenum, and tungsten. This short review is devoted to structural, physical, chemical, and physiological properties of proteins, which specifically bind these metal cations.
ENVIRONMENT OF POTASSIUM-MAGNESIUM SALT FORMATION IN THE UPPERPERMIAN KALININGRAD-GDANSK BLOCK OF THE CENTRAL EUROPEAN HALOGEN BASIN (FROMEXAMINATIONOFINCLUSIONSINMINERALS)