Plumage Response of Young Turkeys to Diets with Increased Methionine to Lysine Ratios at Three Dietary Arginine Levels

A 2 × 3 factorial experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of two dietary methionine levels (Met; 30% and 45% of Lys content) and three arginine levels (Arg; 90%, 100%, and 110% of Lys content) on plumage development in 4- and 16-week-old female turkeys. One-day-old turkey poults were assigned to six groups (eight replicate pens per group and 18 birds per pen) and fed experimental diets containing 1.6%, 1.5%, 1.3%, and 1.0% of Lys in four successive four-week periods. After weeks 4 and 16 of feeding, eight turkeys per group were selected for plumage evaluation. Feathers were collected from the outer side of one thigh and from an area of 4 cm2 in the interscapular region. Plumage was evaluated based on an established pattern of five feather development stages in turkeys, from stage I (pinfeathers covered in sheaths) to stage V (mature feathers). An increase in the Met inclusion rate to 45% of Lys content had no significant effect on feather growth in 4-week-old turkeys, but it accelerated the development of feathers in 16-week-old birds. A lower percentage of stage II (p = 0.035), stage III (p = 0.019), and stage IV (p = 0.003) immature feathers, and a higher percentage of stage V (mature) feathers (p = 0.001) were observed. Methionine exerted a greater effect on the development of thigh feathers (p = 0.001) than interscapular feathers (p = 0.074). Unlike Met, different Arg concentrations had no influence on plumage development in turkeys. Overall, the present results indicate that supplemental Met has a potential for accelerating feather development in 16-week-old turkeys via an increased supply of total sulfur amino acids.

Capillary instability of a two-layer annular film: an airway closure model

Capillary instability of a two-layer liquid film lining a rigid tube is studied computationally as a model for liquid plug formation and closure of human airways. The two-layer liquid consists of a serous layer, also called the periciliary liquid layer, at the inner side and a mucus layer at the outer side. Together, they form the airway surface liquid lining the airway wall and surrounding an air core. Liquid plug formation occurs due to Plateau–Rayleigh instability when the liquid film thickness exceeds a critical value. Numerical simulations are performed for the entire closure process, including the pre- and post-coalescence phases. The mechanical stresses and their gradients on the airway wall are investigated for physiologically relevant ranges of the mucus-to-serous thickness ratio, the viscosity ratio, and the air–mucus and serous–mucus surface tensions encompassing healthy and pathological conditions of a typical adult human lung. The growth rate of the two-layer model is found to be higher in comparison with a one-layer equivalent configuration. This leads to a much sooner closure in the two-layer model than that in the corresponding one-layer model. Moreover, it is found that the serous layer generally provides an effective protection to the pulmonary epithelium against high shear stress excursions and their gradients. A linear stability analysis is also performed, and the results are found to be in good qualitative agreement with the simulations. Finally, a secondary coalescence that may occur during the post-closure phase is investigated.

Feasibility study on hexacopter UAV based sprayer for application of environment-friendly biopesticide in guava orchard

Aim: To study the feasibility of hexacopter UAV based sprayer for application of environment-friendly biopesticide in guava orchard. Methodology: Field experiments were conducted in Punjab (India) during 2020. UAV was evaluated for spraying environment-friendly bio-pesticidein guava orchard. UAV was operated at 2.0 m height above the tree top.The water and oil sensitive papers were fixed on the outer side as well as inside of selected guava trees at four different canopies. Organic neem seed kernel based azadirachtin 0.15% EC biopesticide was used at recommended dose. After spraying, all water and oil sensitive papers were collected for further laboratory analysis. All spray quality parameters, i.e., coverage (%), droplet density (droplets cm-2), droplet size (µm) and uniformity coefficient were determined. For the efficacy of drone sprayer insects were counted before and 1, 2, 7 days after spray (DAS) and reduction in number of insects was calculated. Results: The on-flight field capacity of spraying with UAV was 3.0-3.3 ha h-1 whereas actual field capacity was found to be 2.0-2.3 ha h-1. The total mean coverage area was found in the range of 2.67-10.67%. The maximum coverage was at the top canopy (inner and outer) of tree which was significantly higher than all other observation points on the canopy. The mean droplet density was found in the range of 14.67-28.33 droplets cm-2. The highest droplet density (28.33 droplets cm-2) was found at the top outer side of the tree canopy. The volume median diameter was found in the range of 208.0-418.3 µm whereas, number median diameter was in the range of 138 to 269 µm. The percent reduction in aphid population 1, 2 and 7 days after spray (DAS) was 38.06, 68.28 and 62.69%, respectively whereas it was 47.95, 78.69 and 70.90% with knapsack sprayer. Interpretation: Hexacopter UAV sprayer is effective in terms of quality of spray and effective control of aphid population.

Sub-Milliwatt Transceiver IC for Transcutaneous Communication of an Intracortical Visual Prosthesis

An intracortical visual prosthesis plays a vital role in partially restoring the faculty of sight in visually impaired people. Reliable high date rate wireless links are needed for transcutaneous communication. Such wireless communication should receive stimulation data (downlink) and send out neural recorded data (uplink). Hence, there is a need for an implanted transceiver that is low-power and delivers sufficient data rate for both uplink and downlink. In this paper, we propose an integrated circuit (IC) solution based on impulse radio ultrawideband using on-off keying modulation (OOK IR-UWB) for the uplink transmitter, and binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) with sampling and digital detection for the downlink receiver. To make the solution low-power, predominantly digital components are used in the presented transceiver test-chip. Current-controlled oscillators and an impulse generator provide tunability and complete the on-chip integration. The transceiver test-IC is fabricated in 180 nm CMOS technology and occupies only 0.0272 mm2. At 1.3 V power supply, only 0.2 mW is consumed for the BPSK receiver and 0.3 mW for the IR-UWB transmitter in the transceiver IC, while delivering 1 Mbps and 50 Mbps, respectively. Our link budget analysis shows that this test chip is suitable for intracortical integration considering the future off-chip antennas/coils transcutaneous 3–7 mm communication with the outer side. Hence, our work will enable realistic wireless links for the intracortical visual prosthesis.

Effects of Curcumin in Management of Endometriosis a Hormonal Disorder Disease in Female

A disorder in which endometrial tissues develop outer side the uterus or uterine cavity is called as endometriosis. It affects mainly females in their reproductive years, and is an oestrogen-dependent condition. Endometriosis a gynaecological disease or disorders, occurs in about 10% of female in reproductive age and in upto 50% of females with in-fertility. It is serious type of Hormonal disease or disorders in female which is caused due to hormonal imbalance these diseases totally change the quality of womens life. Decreased quality of life is the most significant predictor of direct health care and total costs so avoid this next step greater way to take care “Prevention is always better than cure”. Curcumin is a natural polyphenolic compound extracted from the spice, turmeric and has been reported to evidence anti-inflammatory (agent which reduce inflammation), antioxidant (the agent which reduce oxidation), and anti-proliferative properties via the modulation of multiple cellular. However, it remains to be determined whether effect of curcumin affects in the management of process of endometriosis. Turmeric contain especially its most active compound Curcumin have many scientifically proven health benefits, it’s a potent Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant and may also help improve symptoms of endometrosis.

High-tech law: concept, genesis and prospects

Relevance. The article considers the development of law as a regulator of public relations in correlation with emerging and applying various technologies by mankind. In the process of transition from low-tech to high-tech, society has experienced three industrial revolutions and is on the verge of the fourth. The article attempts to establish the stage of modern law development and the degree of its convergence with high technologies. The conclusion is made about the emergence of a new phenomenon - high-tech law, the inner side of which is application of high technologies to solve problems that appear in the process of law enforcement, and the outer side is regulation of public relations arising from their use. The purpose of the work is to substantiate the need for a systematic and evolutionary approach to personnel, technical and regulatory support for further development and functioning of high-tech law and to develop reasonable proposals for solving these problems. The materials for the research were scientific works of specialists in the field of philosophy, legal theory, psychology, technology, statistical data. The authors experience in organizing training of highly qualified specialists aimed at obtaining a set of competences in the field of law and high technologies has also contributed to this research. Methods. The results and conclusions are obtained on the basis of general scientific research methods: logical, systematic, sociological, as well as private-scientific and special: comparative-legal, formal-legal, interpretation, statistical, and some others. Results. The concept of high-tech law is substantiated and formulated, recommendations for its further technological and regulatory modernization are proposed, and a number of conclusions are made that determine the need to change the process of training legal personnel.

Reducing the Natural Convection Inside an Enclosure Using a Concentric Internal Open Square

This paper presents the results of a numerical simulation for the natural convection inside an enclosure that has an inner open square at its center. The inner square is open at the top and connected to the ceiling of the enclosure. The open inner square distorts the convection patterns, slows down the flow, and provides a compartment to confine the fluid at the core of the enclosure. Ultimately, this lowers the local Nusselt number, Nu, along the hot wall, and reduces the heat flux through the enclosure. The analysis shows the effects of changing the dimensions of the inner square on the heat flux through the enclosure for a range of Ryleigh numbers from 103 to 106. Short-sided inner squares work as flow deflectors while long-sided inner squares provide compartments to accommodate new flow circulation at the core of the enclosure. The inner square is most effective when the length of its sides equals the width of the stagnant core inside the empty enclosure at the same Ryleigh number, and the heat flux at this condition is the lowest. Inner squares made of thermally conducting materials can reduce the heat flux through the enclosure by 70%, while adiabatic inner squares can reduce the heat flux by 90%. Inner squares reduce the external heat load on buildings when fitted inside the holes of hollow bricks used in building facades. The external heat flux can be lowered by 30%-55% depending on the square material and outer side temperature.

Olbian Perirantheria

From Olbia’s excavations comes a series of ceramic and stone, mostly marble, large open vessels in the shape of shallow bowls, which were installed on high pedestals. On ceramic vessels the stamped decor on the outside of the edge; it usually consisted of several relief belts – Ionic cymatium (ovolos), one or two pearl cords; in the case of marble vessels, only profiling was marked on the outer side of the edge. Such vessels in the modern literature are interpreted as perirantheria. According to the conditions of the finds and the style of the ornament, the earliest of the known vessels belong to the late Archaic period. The peak of their usage falls on the 5th century BCE. In Olbia, perirantheria have been found in two cult sites, the Western and Southern temenoi, the botroses, and the cultural strata. Their belonging to the cult inventory is unconditional. A wide range of analogies, known from the monuments of the Mediterranean, indicate that the perirantheria were intended for sacred water, which was used for ritual ablutions before and after the sacrifices. Traces of burning on a ceramic vessel originating from the Western Temenos suggest that at some stage of its operation it could be used as an altar for burning offerings. In the late Classical and Hellenistic periods, louteria became a part of everyday life – identical in shape water vessels, also made of ceramics and stone, mostly marble, but smaller in size. These vessels stood on high pedestals, often designed as fluted columns. The context of such finds is mainly related to residential buildings in both the Mediterranean and Olbia, which suggests a change in their functional usage. In addition, the study of the Olbian collection of ritual vessels opens another unknown page in the nomenclature of goods brought to Olbia.

Structural Changes and Mechanical Resistance of Claws and Denticles in Coconut Crabs of Different Sizes

The exoskeleton of the pinching side of claws with denticles and of the outer side without them on the coconut crab, Birgus latro, which is a rare organism, were studied using a materials science approach. The mechanical resistance of three claws of different sizes was investigated along the exoskeleton thickness from the outer surface to the inner surface, and the results were compared, including the contribution of the microstructure and chemical compositions. Mechanical properties, hardness (H) and stiffness (Er), were probed through nanoindentation tests. The results showed the H, Er, microstructures, and chemical components of the exocuticle and endocuticle layers were almost the same, in a BW range of 300 g to 1650 g. At the same time, the H and Er near the surface of the denticles of a small coconut crab of 300 g were lower than those of other large coconut crabs. The microstructure of the denticles was clearly different from that of the exocuticle, but the maximum mechanical properties near their surface indicated almost the same values, Hmax = 4 GPa and Er(max) = 70 GPa, regardless of being on the pinching side or the outer side. A denticle can be regarded as a bulge of the cuticle without phosphorus and with high magnesium. The results provided novel information that expanded our knowledge about the claw microstructure of coconut crabs with different body sizes, and may be used in further studies

Bearing Characteristics of Diaphragm Wall Foundation under Vertical and Combined Load

To investigate the bearing characteristics of diaphragm wall foundation under combined load, the results from elasto-plastic analyses of 3D finite element models (FEM) were presented in this study. The vertical load of the diaphragm wall foundation is borne by inner and outer side resistance, resistance of soil core and the end of wall, respectively. Moreover, the sum of end resistance and soil core resistance accounts for about 75% of the vertical load. The mobilization mechanism and distribution of side resistance of the foundation were also analyzed. It is clarified that the mobilization characteristics of inner and outer side resistance of the wall are completely opposite. Due to the combined load, the horizontal load has an amplification effect on the settlement of the foundation. Additionally, the calculation methods of the Eight-component Winkler spring model and rigid pile displacement were used for determining the vertical load-bearing capacity and the overturning stability. A comparison between results from the FEM and the theoretical calculation methods showed that the results of the numerical simulation properly coincided with that of the displacement solution of theoretical model. The conclusions obtained by the above methods all indicate that the foundation has the characteristics of overall overturning failure under the combined load.