KAJIAN PENGEMBANGAN OBJEK AGROWISATA KACINAMBUNAN HIGHLAND PUNCAK 2000 SIOSAR KECAMATAN TIGAPANAH KABUPATEN KARO

The tourism sector today still relies on the use of coastal areas as objects. There needs to be a tourist attraction so that it is more diverse. The tourism sector is also expected to encourage other sectors such as the plantation, agriculture, trade, and industrial sectors. While in the agricultural sector is agro-tourism. Therefore, it is necessary to study the development of agro-tourism objects, especially Agro-tourism in the Kacinambun Highlands, Puncak 2000, Siosar, Kacinambun Village, Tigapanah District, Karo Regency, North Sumatra. The focus of the research is the study of development factors with sub-focuses, namely: 1) attractiveness conditions, 2) accessibility conditions, 3) facilities and infrastructure conditions, 3) promotion conditions, and 4) visiting conditions. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. The results of the study show, 1) the attraction is the beautiful nature offered by the charm and views of the community's plantations, 2) easy accessibility, positioning strategies, transportation networks are still minimal, 3) facilities and infrastructure are already supportive and available both complementary infrastructure, supporting infrastructure, and public infrastructure but not yet maximized. 4) tourism promotion utilizes social media, magazines, and daily newspapers to provide information to potential tourists, and 5) efforts to increase visits are carried out by developing attractions, facilities and also utilizing natural beauty such as community agricultural plants with multicultural types of plants to be shown to tourists.

High diversity of bees detected in guarana crop and natural habitat due to the use of combined sampling methods

Bees are the main pollinators of native and agricultural plants. Identifying and knowing these insects responsible for the environmental service of pollination is essential for the maintenance and management of pollination in agricultural systems, especially in a high diversity biome as the Amazon rainforest. Some crops in this region are dependent of benefited by wild pollinators, especially native plants like guarana. To address methodological aspects of monitoring bee diversity, samplings were carried out in an agricultural environment (guarana crop, Paullinia cupana) surrounded by Amazon natural habitat at Manaus, Amazonas State. We used three combined methods (two passive traps: Malaise and yellow pan-traps, and one active: hand nets) in different periods, with the same number of samplings (12 each). In total, 4,143 native bees belonging to 171 species were sampled; 117 species (1,926 individuals) were collected with Malaise trap, 15 (91 individuals) with pan-traps, and 114 (2,126 individuals) through active sampling. Only seven species were common to all methods, 60 species on two methods and 104 species were unique to one sampling method (50 with Malaise, two with pan-traps, and 52 with hand nets). We reinforce the need for complementary sampling to known bee diversity as the best strategy here was the joint use of active samples and Malaise traps. Recently the concern with Amazon preservation has aroused worldwide interest, a fact that shreds of evidence the need for studies of biodiversity and taxonomy in several areas, since very little is known of this vast region.

MajraDoc an Image based Disease Detection App for Agricultural Plants using Deep Learning Techniques

Infection of agricultural plants is a serious threat to food safety. It can severely damage plants' yielding capacity. Farmers are the primary victims of this threat. Due to the advancement of AI, image-based intelligent apps can play a vital role in mitigating this threat by quick and early detection of plants infections. In this paper, we present a mobile app in this regard. We have developed MajraDoc to detect some common diseases in local agricultural plants. We have created a dataset of 10886 images for ten classes of plants diseases to train the deep neural network. The VGG-19 network model was modified and trained using transfer learning techniques. The model achieved high accuracy, and the application performed well in predicting all ten classes of infections.

Selection as the main direction of scientific studies and main steps of selection and breeding work in Ukraine (a review)

Objective: For a long time, selection, as a science, has been dealing with the creation of varieties and hybrids of agricultural plants, animal breeds, microorganism strains and studying the methods of all of the above. At the same time, like any component of science, it has its own directions of development, and improves them in time. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to investigate the historical development of selection as a science, to analyze the current state, and to characterize the application of basic breeding methods in aquaculture in Ukraine. Findings: The author of the work reviewed and analyzed professional scientific literature on the development of selection as one of the methods of scientific studies. In particular, the historical aspects of the development of selection in crop production and animal husbandry, including fish farming, have been considered, and its main directions have been highlighted. A promising method for the development of synthetic selection was proposed: reciprocal crossing, and the current state of selection and breeding work in fish farming was described. Practical value: The review of literature sources can be useful for the preparation of lecture material during the training process for training specialists in the specialty 207 "Aquatic Bioresources and Aquaculture", including specialists in ichthyology, veterinary medicine, zoology. Key words: Breeding, genetics, breeding, breed, intrabreed type.

The aphid BCR4 structure and activity uncover a new defensin peptide superfamily

Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea) are among the most injuring insects for agricultural plants and their management is a great challenge in agronomical research. A new class of proteins, called Bacteriocyte-specific Cysteine-Rich (BCR), provides an alternative to chemical insecticides for pest control. BCRs have been initially identified in the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum. They are small disulfide bond-rich proteins expressed exclusively in aphid bacteriocytes, the insect derived cells that host intracellular symbiotic bacteria. Here, we show that one out of the A. pisum BCRs, BCR4, displays an outstanding insecticidal activity against the pea aphid, impairing insect survival and nymphal growth, providing evidence for its potential use as a new biopesticides. Our comparative genomics and phylogenetic analysis indicate that BCRs seem restricted to the aphid lineage. The 3D structure of the BCR4 reveals that this peptide belongs to a yet unknown structural class of peptides and defines a new superfamily of defensins.

Automatic Determination of Agricultural Plant Diseases

Machine learning technologies have developed rapidly in recent years, and people are now able to use them in various spheres of life, making their lives easier and better. The agro-industry is not lagging behind, and every year more and more problems in this area are solved with the help of machine learning algorithms. However, among the problems that have not yet been solved is the problem of identifying diseases of agricultural plants. According to the UN research, about 40% of the world’s harvest dies each year from various diseases, most of which could be avoided through timely intervention and treatment.To solve this problem, we offer an easy, accessible service for everyone, which will allow one to predict by the image of the plant leaves whether it is sick or healthy, or whether it needs any help or intrusion. This service will be indispensable for small farms engaged in growing crops. Thus, it will allow employees of such enterprises to immediately detect diseases and receive recommendations for the care of plants important to them.Therefore, it was decided to develop a neural network architecture that will solve this problem: the prediction of a plant disease by the image of its leaves. This neural network model is lightweight, does not take much time to learn, and has high accuracy on our dataset. It was also investigated which popular architectures (e.g. XceptionNet, DenseNet, etc.) of deep neural networks can have great accuracy in solving this problem. To realize the possibility of using the model by end users, i.e. farmers, it was decided to develop a special web service in the form of a telegram bot. With this bot, anyone can upload images of the leaves of agricultural plants and check whether this plant is healthy or free of any diseases. This bot is also trained to give appropriate advice to gardeners on the treatment of diseases or the proper cultivation of healthy plants.This solution fully solves the problem and has every chance to become an indispensable helper in preserving the world harvest.

Genomics Analyses of Rose Crown Gall-Associated Bacteria Revealed Two New Agrobacterium species: Agrobacterium burrii sp. nov. and Agrobacterium shirazense sp. nov.

Agrobacterium tumefaciens species complex contains a set of diverse bacterial strains most of which are well known for their pathogenicity on agricultural plants causing crown gall diseases. Members of A. tumefaciens species complex are classified into several taxonomically distinct lineages called “genomospecies” (13 genomospecies until early 2021). Recently, two genomospecies, i.e., G19 (strains RnrT, Rew and Rnw) and G20 (strains OT33T and R13) infecting Rose sp. plants in Iran were described based on biochemical and molecular-phylogenetic data. Whole genome sequence-based core-genome phylogeny followed by average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) calculations performed in this study suggested that genomospecies G19 and G20 could be described as two novel and standalone species. In the phylogenetic tree, these two new genomospecies were clustered separately from other genomospecies/species of A. tumefaciens species complex. Moreover, both ANI and dDDH indices between the G19/G20 strains and other Rhizobiaceae members are clearly below the accepted thresholds for prokaryotic species description. Hence, Agrobacterium burrii sp. nov. is proposed to encompass the G19 strains, with RnrT = CFBP 8705T = DSM 112541T as type strain. Agrobacterium shirazense sp. nov. is also proposed to include G20 strains, with OT33T = CFBP 8901T = DSM 112540T as type strain.

UV treatment of agricultural plants in territories subject to salination of soil

An assessment of the influence of electrotechnology of ultraviolet irradiation of seeds and pre-sowing soil treatment and the creation, on their technological basis, of management and control of salt and nutritional regimes of irrigated soils has been carried out. Relative yield of field crops versus the concentration of toxic salts in the soil solution at full moisture capacity are shown. By results of experimental researches acting of UV irradiation on the amount of ammonifying bacteria in the soil under cotton for increasing the accumulation of the most mobile nitrate forms of nitrogen are defined.

The Study of Cicadas in the Conditions of the Fergana Valley of Uzbekistan

The article presents materials on the study of the cicadas Laodelphax striatellus Fall. and Muirodelphax aubei Perr.in the Fergana Valley, their morphological and biological characteristics, systematic position, distribution, harmfulness, food connections and peculiarities of their diagnosis. As I.D. Mityaev points out [1], the useful value of cicadas for humans is very insignificant. There is evidence that some peoples eat large singing cicadas, considering them medicinal, or keep cicadas in cages for the sake of their peculiar singing. It is proved that some species of cicadas, in places of their mass reproduction, play a significant role in the permeability of moisture and aeration of the soil, the underground work of their larvae. Larvae and imago of cicadas are a source of food for many animals and they play a certain role in biocenoses. Some species, due to their low abundance and low harmfulness, are not of great practical importance for humans. Most of the cicadas are pests of various agricultural plants [2, pp. 146-150]. As noted by D.A. Azimov, without deep knowledge of the fauna and development of the taxonomy of insects, as well as other groups of fauna and vegetation, it is impossible to solve further problems of protection and rational use of useful forms, as well as organization of plant protection [3, pp. 54-55]. Therefore, the study of cicadas and their diagnosis is not only theoretical, but also practical.

The Melon Short paleobotanical and historical-linguistic review

Vegetation occupies a special place on the Earth. It was easily recognized by our remote ancestors who worshipped plants and animals together with the visible world. From the biblical viewpoint about the origin of the world and living organs and resulting from further scientific conceptions, origin and evolution of plants and their special function have always been given great importance. Plants are an unconditional source of life on earth. With their development, early humans changed their ideas about and relationship with the changing environment. After the formation of convenient natural conditions, in different regions of the earth humans started developing a new form of production – land farming and cattle breeding and began creating new firm settlements. Consequently, there emerged new concepts –cultivated plants and domesticated animals - in economic activity. Improved species of plants and animals were created by means of human interference, which is why their majority have preserved only the gene and some characteristics of their wild ancestors. One of such cultivated agricultural plants is the melon with its very interesting history of evolution.