Environmental determination of body size in mammals: Rethinking ‘island dwarfism’ in the golden bandicoot

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di 3 desa yang berbeda di Kecamatan Indrapuri, Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Penelitian berlangsung selama 30 hari yang dimulai dari tanggal 18 Februari - 19 Maret 2017. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi ukuran tubuh turunan sapi aceh pada umur sapih dengan sisitem pemeliharaan yang berbeda. Materi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah anak sapi Aceh lepas sapih sebanyak 24 ekor. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasi yaitu dengan cara mengukur ternak turunan sapi Aceh lepas sapih tersebut. Penentuan desa dengan mempertimbangkan adanya sistem pemeliharaan sapi secara ekstensif dan intensif dan jumlah ternak sapi lepas sapih terpenuhi untuk pengambilan sampel. Parameter yang diamati dalam penelitian ini adalah lingkar dada, panjang badan, dan tinggi pundak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ukuran lingkar dada turunan sapi Aceh pada umur sapih yang di pelihara dengan system intensif menunjukkan ukuran yang lebih tinggi di bandingkan dengan ukuran lingkar dada yang dipelihara dengan system pemeliharaan ekstensif dan pada pengukuran panjang badan dan tinggi gumba turunan sapi Aceh yang di pelihara dengan system ekstensif menunjukkan ukuran yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan ukuran panjang badan dan tinggi gumba yang di pelihara dengan sistem intensifEvaluation of Body Size of Aceh Cow Beans with Different Maintenance System in Indrapuri Sub-district, Aceh BesarThis research was conducted in 3 different villages in Indrapuri Sub-district, Aceh Besar District. The study lasted for 30 days starting from February 18 to March 19, 2017. This study aims to evaluate the body size of aceh cows at the weaning age with different maintenance systems. The material used in this study is Aceh calf off weeds as much as 24 tail. This research method using the observation method that is by measuring the cattle of Aceh cattle derivatives off the weaning. Determination of the village taking into account the existence of an extensive and intensive cattle breeding system and the number of loose weaning cattle is fulfilled for sampling. Parameters observed in this study were chest circumference, body length, and shoulder height. The results showed that the size of the chest circumference of cows of Aceh cattle at the age of weaning with intensive care system showed a higher size in comparison with the size of the chest circumference maintained with extensive maintenance system and on the measurement of the length and height of the gumba derived from Aceh cows Extensive systems show a higher size compared to the size of the body length and height of the gumba maintained in an intensive system

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Determination of body size measures and blood pressure levels among children

Jornal de Pediatria ◽

10.1016/j.jped.2013.03.018 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 89 (3) ◽

pp. 211-214 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

David S. Freedman

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Body Size

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Inclusion Body Bead Size in E. coli Controlled by Physiological Feeding

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms6040116 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 116 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Julian Kopp ◽

Christoph Slouka ◽

Daniel Strohmer ◽

Julian Kager ◽

Oliver Spadiut ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Size ◽

Inclusion Body ◽

Uptake Rate ◽

Inclusion Bodies ◽

Downstream Processing ◽

Sugar Uptake ◽

E Coli ◽

Model Based ◽

Bead Size

The Gram-negative bacterium E. coli is the host of choice for producing a multitude of recombinant proteins relevant in the pharmaceutical industry. Generally, cultivation is easy, media are cheap, and a high product titer can be obtained. However, harsh induction procedures combined with the usage of IPTG (isopropyl β-d-1 thiogalactopyranoside) as an inducer are often believed to cause stress reactions, leading to intracellular protein aggregates, which are so known as so-called inclusion bodies (IBs). Downstream applications in bacterial processes cause the bottleneck in overall process performance, as bacteria lack many post-translational modifications, resulting in time and cost-intensive approaches. Especially purification of inclusion bodies is notoriously known for its long processing times and low yields. In this contribution, we present screening strategies for determination of inclusion body bead size in an E. coli-based bioprocess producing exclusively inclusion bodies. Size can be seen as a critical quality attribute (CQA), as changes in inclusion body behavior have a major effect on subsequent downstream processing. A model-based approach was used, aiming to trigger a distinct inclusion body size: Physiological feeding control, using qs,C as a critical process parameter, has a high impact on inclusion body size and could be modelled using a hyperbolic saturation mechanism calculated in form of a cumulated substrate uptake rate. Within this model, the sugar uptake rate of the cells, in the form of the cumulated sugar uptake-value, was simulated and considered being a key performance indicator for determination of the desired size. We want to highlight that the usage of the mentioned screening strategy in combination with a model-based approach will allow tuning of the process towards a certain inclusion body size using a qs based control only. Optimized inclusion body size at the time-point of harvest should stabilize downstream processing and, therefore, increase the overall time-space yield. Furthermore, production of distinct inclusion body size may be interesting for application as a biocatalyst and nanoparticulate material.

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Marker-assisted determination of the relationship between body size and reproductive success and consequences for evaluation of adaptive life histories

Molecular Ecology ◽

10.1111/j.1365-294x.2009.04318.x ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 18 (20) ◽

pp. 4330-4340 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

MICHAEL B. MORRISSEY ◽

MOIRA M. FERGUSON

Keyword(s):

Body Size ◽

Reproductive Success ◽

Life Histories ◽

The Relationship

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Determination of Body Size Measures and Blood Pressure Levels among Children

Jornal de Pediatria (Versão em Português) ◽

10.1016/j.jpedp.2013.03.003 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 89 (3) ◽

pp. 211-214

Author(s):

David S. Freedman

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Body Size

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Fasting heat production and energy cost of standing activity in veal calves

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114508980648 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 100 (6) ◽

pp. 1315-1324 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Etienne Labussière ◽

Serge Dubois ◽

Jaap van Milgen ◽

Gérard Bertrand ◽

Jean Noblet

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Size ◽

Heat Production ◽

Energy Cost ◽

Total Duration ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Energy Requirements ◽

Veal Calves ◽

Fasting Heat Production

Metabolic body size of veal calves is still calculated by using the 0·75 exponent and no data were available to determine energy cost of physical activity during the whole fattening period. Data from two trials focusing on protein and/or energy requirements were used to determine the coefficient of metabolic body size and the energy cost of standing activity in male Prim'Holstein calves. Total heat production was measured by indirect calorimetry in ninety-five calves weighing 60–265 kg and was divided using a modelling approach between components related to the BMR, physical activity and feed intake. The calculation of the energy cost of standing activity was based on quantifying the physical activity by using force sensors on which the metabolism cage was placed and on the interruption of an IR beam allowing the determination of standing or lying position of the calf. The best exponent relating zero activity fasting heat production (FHP0) to metabolic body size was 0·85, which differed significantly from the traditionally used 0·75. Per additional kJ metabolizable energy (ME) intake, FHP0 increased by 0·28 kJ; at a conventional daily 650 kJ/kg body weight (BW)0·85 ME intake, daily FHP0 averaged 310 kJ/kg BW0·85. Calves stood up sixteen times per day; total duration of standing increased from 5·1 to 6·4 h per day as animals became older. The hourly energy cost of standing activity was proportional to BW0·65 and was estimated as 12·4 kJ/kg BW0·65. These estimates allow for a better estimation of the maintenance energy requirements in veal calves.

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Conflict Outcome in Male Green Swordtail Fish Dyads (Xiphophorus Helleri): Interaction of Body Size, Prior Dominance/Subordination Experience, and Prior Residency

Behaviour ◽

10.1163/156853996x00161 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 133 (3-4) ◽

pp. 303-319 ◽

Cited By ~ 84

Author(s):

Jacques P. Beaugrand ◽

Claude Goulet ◽

Daniel Payette

Keyword(s):

Body Size ◽

Prior Experience ◽

Social Experience ◽

The Other ◽

Xiphophorus Helleri ◽

Relative Contribution ◽

Large Size ◽

Swordtail Fish ◽

Prior Residency

AbstractThe relative contribution of asymmetries in prior experience, size, and prior residency to the determination of dyadic dominance between unacquainted individuals was examined using pairs of green swordtail fish, Xiphophorus helleri. Four types of encounters were staged between an intruder and a smaller resident: (1) both had experienced prior vicctory; (2) both had experienced prior defeat; (3) the intruder had experienced prior victory and the resident prior defeat; and (4) the intruder had experienced prior defeat and the resident prior victory. In a fifth condition in which two intruders met, one was a prior subordinate and the other a prior dominant smaller in size than its opponent. In all these encounters, the superiority in lateral surface of one fish varied between 0 to 30% over that of its opponent. Results showed that (1) when size differences between contestants were within the range of 0-10% and there was an asymmetry in prior social experience, conflicts were essentially resolved according to prior experience with prior winners systematically defeating prior losers; (2) prior residency of 3 h was an advantage only when both opponents had experienced prior defeat before meeting and when size asymmetries were small (e.g. < 20%). It was not an advantage between prior winners or between a prior winner and a prior loser; (3) when large size asymmetries existed (e.g. 20-30%), size uniquely determined dominance outcome and nullified other advantages or disadvantages due to prior social experience and prior residency; and (4) at intermediate levels of size asymmetries (e.g. 10-20%), size partially cancelled any advantage due to a prior victory, and gradually became paramount in accounting for victories.

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