Fungal pathogen and ethanol affect host selection and colonization success in ambrosia beetles

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Rassati ◽  
Mario Contarini ◽  
Christopher M. Ranger ◽  
Giacomo Cavaletto ◽  
Luca Rossini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Selection ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Ambrosia Beetles ◽  
Colonization Success

Platypus quercivorus ambrosia beetles use leaf volatiles in host selection

2020 ◽  
Vol 168 (12) ◽  
pp. 928-939
Author(s):  
Duy Long Pham ◽  
Yasuto Ito ◽  
Ryuichi Okada ◽  
Hidetoshi Ikeno ◽  
Haruna Kazama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Selection ◽  
Ambrosia Beetles ◽  
Leaf Volatiles ◽  
Platypus Quercivorus

Semiochemical-mediated host selection by Xylosandrus spp. ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) attacking horticultural tree crops: a review of basic and applied science

2020 ◽  
Vol 153 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Ranger ◽  
Michael E. Reding ◽  
Karla Addesso ◽  
Matthew Ginzel ◽  
Davide Rassati
Keyword(s):  
Host Selection ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Applied Science ◽  
Host Tree ◽  
Ambrosia Beetles ◽  
Tree Crops ◽  
Trees And Shrubs ◽  
Xylosandrus Germanus

AbstractExotic ambrosia beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in the tribe Xyleborini include destructive pests of trees growing in horticultural cropping systems. Three species are especially problematic: Xylosandrus compactus (Eichhoff), Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Motschulsky), and Xylosandrus germanus (Blandford). Due to similarities in their host tree interactions, this mini-review focuses on these three species with the goal of describing their host-selection behaviour, characterising associated semiochemicals, and assessing how these interactions relate to their management. All three of these Xylosandrus spp. attack a broad range of trees and shrubs. Physiologically stressed trees are preferentially attacked by X. crassiusculus and X. germanus, but the influence of stress on host selection by X. compactus is less clear. Ethanol is emitted from weakened trees in response to a variety of stressors, and it represents an important attractant for all three species. Other host-derived compounds tested are inconsistent or inactive. Verbenone inhibits attraction to ethanol, but the effect is inconsistent and does not prevent attacks. Integrating repellents and attractants into a push–pull management strategy has been ineffective for reducing attacks but could be optimised further. Overall, maintaining host vigour and minimising stress-induced ethanol are keys for managing these insects, particularly X. crassiusculus and X. germanus.

Notes on the biology of ambrosia beetles of the genus Trachyostus Schedl (Coleoptera: Platypodidae) in West Africa

1968 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hywell Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Host Selection ◽  
Ambrosia Beetles ◽  
Lowland Forest ◽  
Swamp Forest ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Nest Initiation

The biology of three West African ambrosia beetles, Trachyostus aterrimus (Schauf.), T. ghanaensis Schedi and T. schaufussi schaufussi (Strohm.) is described on the basis of studies made in China and Nigeria, and notes are given on the six other species and subspecies of Trachyostus that have been taken in West Africa.All species of Trachyostus are confined to forest areas in West Africa. some of the species extend into montane and swamp forest, but the genus is most abundant in lowland rain forest. It is suggested that susceptibility to desiccation of the young larvae and of the ambrosia fungus is the principal factor in limiting Trachyostus species to forest areas. Two species, T. ghanaensis and T. interstitialis Schedl, are confined to the forests between Sierra Leone and Ghana, but the remaining species are found throughout the lowland forest of west Africa.Host selection by species of Trachyostus depends mainly on the taxonomic status of the host, the condition of the tree, and the time of year. The genus as a whole is considered very selective. T. ghanaesis attacks living trees of only one host species, selecting individual trees and favouring the most vigorous. All other species of Trachyostus normally attack felled trees of a wide range of host species, but show preferences for those of a small number of plant genera. Attack on living trees by species other than T, ghanaensis occurs in the dry season. It is suggested that T. ghanaensis is sensitive to subtle changes in tree condition, while the remaining species require a more drastic change before attacking such trees.The process of nest initiation and establishment is described for ome species. Species of Trachyostus differ from other tropical Platypodids in that the length of time elapsing between nest initiation and the emergence of the first young adults is exceptionally long. This is thought to be mainly due to the ambrosia fungus requiring a long time to establish itself on the gallery walls of the nest.All species of Trachyostus are active in daylight hours. Emergence of young adults from the nest occurs only in daylight and is dependent on a drying atmosphere. Falling light intensities probably contribute towards ending emergence in the late afternoon. The thresholds of humidity and illumination for emergence of T. schaufussi schaufussi appear to be higher than those of T. aterrimus.Nests of T. aterrrimus and T. schaufussi schaufussi remain functional for about nine months, but those of T. ghanaensis can still be active after four years. The protracted nest duration of T. ghanaensis is apparently a consequence of the habit of this species of attacking living host trees in which the rate of development seems to be slowed down. Only a small proportion of the nests initiated by species of Trachyostus are successful. In T, ghanaensis this high failure rate is attributable to failure of the ambbrosia fungus, but in the other species insect nest-associates and predators are apparently the main causes.The habits and life-history of T. ghanacnsis can only be compared with those of one other Platypodid, Dendroplatypus impar (Schedl), a Malaysian species. Both species attack only living trees, and show a high degree of host selection. The intensity of attack on the host tree by these species is very low, and the life-cycle of each seems to take a long time for completion.

Studies on the Fungal Pathogen of Dutch Elm Disease

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 400-401
Author(s):  
H.M. Mazzone ◽  
G. Wray ◽  
R. Zerillo
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dutch Elm Disease ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Sabouraud Agar ◽  
Total Inhibition ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Control Plate

The fungal pathogen of the Dutch elm disease (DED), Ceratocystis ulmi (Buisman) C. Moreau, has eluded effective control since its introduction in the United States more than sixty years ago. Our studies on DED include establishing biological control agents against C. ulmi. In this report we describe the inhibitory action of the antibiotic polymyxin B on the causal agent of DED.In screening a number of antibiotics against C. ulmi, we observed that filter paper discs containing 300 units (U) of polymyxin B (Difco Laboratories) per disc, produced zones of inhibition to the fungus grown on potato dextrose agar or Sabouraud agar plates (100mm x 15mm), Fig. 1a. Total inhibition of fungal growth on a plate occurred when agar overlays containing fungus and antibiotic (polymyxin B sulfate, ICN Pharmaceuticals, Inc.) were poured on the underlying agar growth medium. The agar overlays consisted of the following: 4.5 ml of 0.7% agar, 0.5 ml of fungus (control plate); 4.0 ml of 0.7% agar, 0.5 ml of fungus, 0.5 ml of polymyxin B sulfate (77,700 U). Fig. 1, b and c, compares a control plate and polymyxin plate after seven days.

Invasive Shot Hole Borers Euwallacea fornicatus, E. kuroshio, and E. perbrevis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)

EDIS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Demian F. Gomez ◽  
Jiri Hulcr ◽  
Daniel Carrillo
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Invasive Species ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Forest Resources ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Ambrosia Beetles ◽  
Invasive Insects ◽  
The World ◽  
And Control

Invasive species, those that are nonnative and cause economic damage, are one of the main threats to ecosystems around the world. Ambrosia beetles are some of the most common invasive insects. Currently, severe economic impacts have been increasingly reported for all the invasive shot hole borers in South Africa, California, Israel, and throughout Asia. This 7-page fact sheet written by Demian F. Gomez, Jiri Hulcr, and Daniel Carrillo and published by the School of Forest Resources and Conservation describes shot hole borers and their biology and hosts and lists some strategies for prevention and control of these pests. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fr422

High juvenile mortality in amphibians during overwintering related to fungal pathogen exposure

2018 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
SL Rumschlag ◽  
MD Boone
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Juvenile Mortality ◽  
Pathogen Exposure

Biology and impact of Xyleborini ambrosia beetles in Japan

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hisashi Kajimura
Keyword(s):  
Ambrosia Beetles

Ecology of ant-fungal pathogen interactions and the implications for biocontrol

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Loreto
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogen
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