Muscle fibre distribution in forelimb, hindlimb and trunk muscles in three bat species: The little Japanese horseshoe, greater horseshoe and Egyptian fruit

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudius Luziga ◽  
Hirofumi Miyata ◽  
Hiroshi Nagahisa ◽  
Takashi Oji ◽  
Naomi Wada
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fibre ◽  
Trunk Muscles ◽  
Fibre Distribution

scholarly journals Physiological factors of importance for load carriage

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manne Godhe ◽  
Torbjoern Helge ◽  
C. Mikael Mattsson ◽  
Oerjan Ekblom ◽  
Bjoern Ekblom
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Muscle Fibre ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Trunk Muscle ◽  
Muscle Endurance ◽  
Fibre Distribution ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Leg Muscle ◽  
Heavy Loads

The energy expenditure during carrying no load, 20, 35 and 50 kg at two walking speeds, 3 and 5 km/h, was studied in 36 healthy participants, 19 men (30 ± 6 yrs, 82.5 ± 7.0 kg) and 17 women (29 ± 6 yrs, 66.1 ± 8.9 kg). Anthropometric data, leg muscle strength as well as trunk muscle endurance and muscle fibre distribution of the thigh were also obtained. To load the participant a standard backpack filled with extra weight according to the carrying weight tested was used. Extra Load Index (ELI), the oxygen uptake (VO2) during total load over no-load-exercise, was used as a proxy for load carrying ability. In addition to analyzing factors of importance for the ELI values, we also conducted mediator analyzes using sex and long term carrying experience as causal variables for ELI as the outcome value. For the lowest load (20 kg), ELI20, was correlated with body mass but no other factors. Walking at 5 km/h body mass, body height, leg muscle strength and absolute VO2max were correlated to ELI35 and ELI50, but relative VO2max, trunk muscle endurance and leg muscle fibre distribution were not. Sex as causal factor was evaluated in a mediator analyses with ELI50 as outcome. ELI50 at 5 km/h differed between the sexes. The limit for acceptable body load, 40% of VO2max (according to Astrand, 1967), was nearly reached for women carrying 35 kg (39%) and surpassed at 50 kg at 3 km/h, and for men carrying 50 kg at 5 km/h. This difference was only mediated by difference in body mass. Neither muscle fibre distribution, leg muscle strength, trunk muscle endurance and body height nor did absolute or relative VO2max explain the difference. Participants with long term experience of heavy load carrying had significant lower ELI20 and ELI50 values than those with minor or non-experience, but none of the above studied factors could explain this difference. The study showed that body mass and experience of carrying heavy loads are important factors for the ability to carry heavy loads.

A mechanical analysis of myomere shape in fish

1999 ◽  
Vol 202 (23) ◽  
pp. 3405-3414 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.L. Van Leeuwen
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fibre ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Trunk Muscles ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Genetic Profile ◽  
Force Transmission ◽  
Architectural Analysis ◽  
Horizontal Septum

An architectural analysis is offered of the trunk muscles in fish, which are arranged in a longitudinal series of geometrically complex myomeres. The myomeres are separated by myosepta, collagenous sheets with complex fibre patterns. The muscle fibres in the myomeres are also arranged in complex three-dimensional patterns. Previously, it has been proposed that the muscle fibre arrangement allows for a uniform strain distribution within the muscle. Physical constraints limit the range of shapes that fibre-reinforced materials such as muscles can adopt, irrespective of their genetic profile. The three-dimensional shapes of myosepta are predicted by mechanical modelling from the requirements for mechanical stability and prescribed muscle fibre arrangements. The model can also be used to study the force transmission and likely locations of ligaments and bones in the myosepta. The model shows that the dorsal and ventral fins are located such that unfavourable mechanical interactions with the trunk muscles are avoided. In bony fish, extensive muscular deformations (notably in the region of the horizontal septum) that would not contribute to bending are avoided by the mechanical support of the skin, intramuscular bones and ribs. In sharks, the skin plays a more prominent role in avoiding such deformations because of the absence of bony elements.

Estimation of EMG activity of trunk muscles in manual lifting tasks based on trunk dynamics using the fuzzy relational rule network

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waldemar Karwowski ◽  
Adam Gaweda ◽  
William S. Marras ◽  
Kermit Davis ◽  
Jacek Zurada
Keyword(s):  
Trunk Muscles ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Manual Lifting

scholarly journals The product of trunk muscle area and density on the CT image is a good indicator of energy expenditure in patients with or at risk for COPD

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Toru Shirahata ◽  
Hideaki Sato ◽  
Sanehiro Yogi ◽  
Kaiji Inoue ◽  
Mamoru Niitsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Trunk Muscle ◽  
Rectus Abdominis ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Trunk Muscles ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Physical inactivity due to cachexia and muscle wasting is well recognized as a sign of poor prognosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, there have been no reports on the relationship between trunk muscle measurements and energy expenditure parameters, such as the total energy expenditure (TEE) and physical activity level (PAL), in COPD. In this study, we investigated the associations of computed tomography (CT)-derived muscle area and density measurements with clinical parameters, including TEE and PAL, in patients with or at risk for COPD, and examined whether these muscle measurements serve as an indicator of TEE and PAL. Methods The study population consisted of 36 male patients with (n = 28, stage 1–4) and at risk for (n = 8) COPD aged over 50 years. TEE was measured by the doubly labeled water method, and PAL was calculated as the TEE/basal metabolic rate estimated by the indirect method. The cross-sectional areas and densities of the pectoralis muscles, rectus abdominis muscles, and erector spinae muscles were measured. We evaluated the relationship between these muscle measurements and clinical outcomes, including body composition, lung function, muscle strength, TEE, and PAL. Results All the muscle areas were significantly associated with TEE, severity of emphysema, and body composition indices such as body mass index, fat-free mass, and trunk muscle mass. All trunk muscle densities were correlated with PAL. The product of the rectus abdominis muscle area and density showed the highest association with TEE (r = 0.732) and PAL (r = 0.578). Several trunk muscle measurements showed significant correlations with maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures, indicating their roles in respiration. Conclusions CT-derived measurements for trunk muscles are helpful in evaluating physical status and function in patients with or at risk for COPD. Particularly, trunk muscle evaluation may be a useful marker reflecting TEE and PAL.

scholarly journals Muscle Fibre Architecture of Thoracic and Lumbar Longissimus Dorsi Muscle in the Horse

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 915
Author(s):  
Johanna Dietrich ◽  
Stephan Handschuh ◽  
Robert Steidl ◽  
Alexandra Böhler ◽  
Gerhard Forstenpointner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fibre ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Horizontal Plane ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Muscle Volume ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Longissimus Muscle ◽  
Fascicle Length ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi Muscle ◽  
Dorsi Muscle

As the longissimus dorsi muscle is the largest muscle in the equine back, it has great influence on the stability of the spine and facilitates proper locomotion. The longissimus muscle provides support to the saddle and rider and thereby influences performance in the horse. Muscular dysfunction has been associated with back disorders and decline of performance. In general, muscle function is determined by its specific intramuscular architecture. However, only limited three-dimensional metrical data are available for the inner organisation of the equine longissimus dorsi muscle. Therefore, we aimed at investigating the inner architecure of the equine longissimus. The thoracic and lumbar longissimus muscles of five formalin-fixed cadaveric horse backs of different ages and body types were dissected layerwise from cranial to caudal. Three-dimensional coordinates along individual muscle fibre bundles were recorded using a digitisation tool (MicroScribe®), to capture their origin, insertion and general orientation. Together with skeletal data from computed tomography (CT) scans, 3D models were created using imaging software (Amira). For further analysis, the muscle was divided into functional compartments during preparation and morphometric parameters, such as the muscle fascicle length, pennation angles to the sagittal and horizontal planes, muscle volume and the physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA), were determined. Fascicle length showed the highest values in the thoracic region and decreased from cranial to caudal, with the cranial lumbar compartment showing about 75% of cranial fascicle length, while in most caudal compartments, fascicle length was less than 50% of the fascicle length in thoracic compartments. The pennation angles to the horizontal plane show that there are differences between compartments. In most cranial compartments, fascicles almost run parallel to the horizontal plane (mean angle 0°), while in the caudal compartment, the angles increase up to a mean angle of 38°. Pennation angles to the sagittal plane varied not only between compartments but also within compartments. While in the thoracic compartments, the fascicles run nearly parallel to the spine, in the caudal compartments, the mean angles range from 0–22°. The muscle volume ranged from 1350 cm3 to 4700 cm3 depending on body size. The PCSA ranged from 219 cm2 to 700 cm2 depending on the muscle volume and mean fascicle length. In addition to predictable individual differences in size parameters, there are obvious systemic differences within the muscle architecture along the longissimus muscle which may affect its contraction behaviour. The obtained muscle data lay the anatomical basis for a specific biomechanical model of the longissimus muscle, to simulate muscle function under varying conditions and in comparison to other species.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document