Revisiting the role of surgery in the treatment of Graves’ disease

Introduction: Thyroid gland has the highest selenium content compare with other endocrine organs. Enzyme that catalyzing thyroid hormone activation, iodothyronine deiodinases, were identified as selenocysteine-containing proteins. Selenium levels in soil and rice consumed in Indonesia were lower than in several other countries, which can increase the risk of selenium deficiency.Methods: This is an article review of the current literatures published up to November 2018 about the role of selenium in hyperthyroid.Result: Several studies have shown that selenium supplementation can be beneficial in patients with Graves disease and autoimmune thyroiditis. Selenium has an important immunomodulatory effect, but the effects of selenium supplementation in hyperthyroid has not been conclude. Data regarding selenium intake, prevalence of deficiency, and the relationship between selenium and thyroid disease in Indonesia are limited. Various studies of selenium supplementation in thyroid disease provide controversial results, so there are no guidelines that include selenium as standard therapy hyperthyroid. Selenium supplementation can enhance the restoration of biochemical euthyroidism in Graves disease and was associated with a significant decrease in the levels of thyroid peroxidase antibodies in autoimmune thyroiditis.Conclusions: Micronutrients that play a role in thyroid hormone synthesis and maintain thyroid function in addition to selenium are iodine, iron, zinc, and vitamin A. By correcting the deficit of selenium, and meeting other micronutrient requirements may provide health benefits in patient with hyperthyroid.

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Graves' disease in eutopic thyroid with ectopic mediastinal thyroid tissue: Role of single photon emission computed tomography-computed tomography

Indian Journal of Nuclear Medicine ◽

10.4103/ijnm.ijnm_64_19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 230

Author(s):

Kanhaiyalal Agrawal ◽

PSai Sradha Patro ◽

KishoreKumar Behera

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Single Photon ◽

Photon Emission ◽

Thyroid Tissue ◽

Emission Computed Tomography ◽

Graves Disease ◽

Single Photon Emission ◽

Single Photon Emission Computed ◽

Photon Emission Computed Tomography

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Role of cytokines, IL1-β and IL-10, in the development of endocrine ophthalmopathy in Graves’ disease

Oftalmologicheskii Zhurnal ◽

10.31288/oftalmolzh202144852 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 93 (4) ◽

pp. 48-52

Author(s):

Yu. V. Buldygina ◽

◽

H. A. Zamotaieva ◽

G. M. Terekhova ◽

N. M. Stepura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Graves Disease ◽

Endocrine Ophthalmopathy

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The Role of Genetics in Graves' Disease and Thyroid Orbitopathy

Seminars in Ophthalmology ◽

10.1080/08820530701745256 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 67-72 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Nancy Kim ◽

Mark P. Hatton

Keyword(s):

Graves Disease ◽

Thyroid Orbitopathy

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MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Role of emotional stress in the pathophysiology of Graves' disease

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje-12-0539 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 168 (1) ◽

pp. R13-R18 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Géraldine Falgarone ◽

Hassan M Heshmati ◽

Régis Cohen ◽

Gérard Reach

Keyword(s):

Autoimmune Diseases ◽

Stress Management ◽

Stress Reduction ◽

Stress Hormones ◽

Graves Disease ◽

T Helper ◽

Clinical Observations ◽

Effect Of Therapy ◽

As Stress

The role of stress in the pathophysiology of Graves' disease is suggested by several clinical observations, by recent advances in immunology and by better understanding of autoimmune diseases which provides new insights into potential effects of stress hormones on T helper cell imbalance involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Stress management should therefore be an important part of the treatment of Graves' disease, as stress reduction may improve the effect of therapy. However, this field still requires interventional data to support stress management in the treatment of Graves' disease.

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Total thyroidectomy for safe and definitive management of Graves' disease

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology ◽

10.1017/s0022215113001254 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 127 (7) ◽

pp. 681-684 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

A Prasai ◽

P A Nix ◽

M Aye ◽

S Atkin ◽

R J England

Keyword(s):

Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve ◽

Total Thyroidectomy ◽

Nerve Palsy ◽

Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Palsy ◽

Laryngeal Nerve ◽

Definitive Treatment ◽

Royal Infirmary ◽

Graves Disease ◽

Laryngeal Nerve Palsy

AbstractBackground:The role of total thyroidectomy in the management of patients with Graves' disease remains controversial. However, there is increasing evidence to support the role of the procedure as a safe and definitive treatment for Graves' disease.Method:Patients were identified from a prospective thyroid database of the multidisciplinary thyroid clinic at Hull Royal Infirmary. All case notes were independently reviewed to confirm the data held on the database.Results:Over a 7-year period, the senior author has performed 206 total thyroidectomies for Graves' disease. The incidence of temporary recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy and hypoparathyroidism was 3.4 per cent and 24 per cent respectively. There was one case of permanent unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy, and 3.9 per cent of patients developed permanent hypoparathyroidism. There has been no relapse of thyrotoxicosis.Conclusion:In the context of a multidisciplinary thyroid clinic, total thyroidectomy should be offered as a safe and effective first-line treatment option for Graves' disease.

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An Intronic HCP5 Variant Is Associated With Age of Onset and Susceptibility to Graves Disease in UK and Polish Cohorts

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/clinem/dgaa347 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 105 (9) ◽

pp. e3277-e3284 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Laura Claire Lane ◽

Aleksander Kuś ◽

Tomasz Bednarczuk ◽

Artur Bossowski ◽

Jacek Daroszewski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Age Of Onset ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Human Leukocyte ◽

Graves Disease ◽

Ribonucleic Acids ◽

Young Onset ◽

Leukocyte Antigen ◽

Genotype Frequencies ◽

The Uk

Abstract Context The genetic background of young-onset Graves disease (GD) remains largely unknown. An intronic variant in human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex P5 (HCP5) has previously been associated with GD susceptibility and age of onset in a cohort of Polish patients. Objective We aimed to investigate the association of the HCP5 variant rs3094228 with GD susceptibility and age of onset in a UK cohort and conduct a meta-analysis of UK and Polish data. Design and Participants rs3094228 was genotyped in 469 UK patients with GD using Taqman chemistry. Genotype frequencies were compared with genotypic data available from the Wellcome Trust case-control consortium using logistic regression analysis. To determine whether rs3094228 is independently associated with age of GD onset, the HLA DRB1*0301 tagging variant, rs535777, was also genotyped. Results The C allele of rs3094228 was overrepresented in the UK GD cohort compared with controls (P allele=5.08 × 10–9, odds ratio 1.76; [95% confidence interval, 1.46-2.13]). This association was more marked in young-onset GD (<30 years) (P allele=1.70 × 10–10 vs P allele=0.0008). The meta-analysis of UK and Polish data supported the association of the C allele with GD susceptibility (P allele=1.79 × 10–5) and age of onset (P allele=5.63 × 10–8). Haplotype analysis demonstrated that rs3094228 is associated with age of GD onset (P = 2.39 × 10-6) independent of linkage disequilibrium with HLA DRB1*0301. Conclusion The rs3094228 HCP5 polymorphism is independently associated with GD susceptibility and age of onset in a UK GD cohort. Our findings indicate a potential role of long noncoding ribonucleic acids, including HCP5, in GD pathogenesis, particularly in the younger population.

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