scholarly journals Hydrofluoric acid treatment prevents premature hydrogen release of Mg in volume‐stable GBR membrane

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (S19) ◽  
pp. 226-226
Author(s):  
Lennart Kühnel ◽  
Mike Barbeck ◽  
Ralf Smeets ◽  
Martin Gosau ◽  
Ole Jung
Soil Research ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Schmidt ◽  
Ronald J. Smernik ◽  
Therese M. McBeath

The measurement of soil organic carbon (OC) is important for assessing soil condition and improving land management systems, as OC has an important role in the physical, chemical, and biological fertility of soil. The OC contents of Calcarosols often appear high compared with other Australian soil types with similar fertility. This may indicate either systematic overestimation of OC in Calcarosols or the existence of a mechanism of OC stabilisation specific to carbonate-rich soils. This study compares three dry combustion techniques (dry combustion with correction for carbonate-C determined separately, dry combustion following sulfurous acid treatment, and dry combustion following treatment with hydrofluoric acid) and two wet oxidation techniques (Walkley–Black and Heanes) for the measurement of soil OC content, to determine which method is best for Calcarosols. Nine calcareous and nine non-calcareous soils were analysed. Of the methods, dry combustion with carbonate-C correction and dry combustion following sulfurous acid pre-treatment were found to be unsuitable for highly calcareous soils. Dry combustion with carbonate-C correction was unsuccessful primarily due to incomplete conversion of carbonate to CO2 under the combustion conditions used. However, even if this problem could be overcome, the method would still not be suitable for highly calcareous soils since it would involve the measurement of a relatively small value (OC) as the difference of two much larger values (total C and carbonate-C). Sulfurous acid pre-treatment was unsuitable because it did not remove 100% of carbonate present. Although the remaining dry combustion technique (i.e. following hydrofluoric acid treatment) did not have such problems, it did give very different (and much lower) OC estimations than the two wet oxidation techniques for the highly calcareous soils. These results are consistent with carbonate minerals interacting with and stabilising a substantial quantity of soluble OC. This has implications for the way OC levels should be measured and interpreted in Calcarosols, in terms of both fertility and C stabilisation and sequestration.


Desalination ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 191 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 273-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.P. González Muñoz ◽  
R. Navarro ◽  
I. Saucedo ◽  
M. Avila ◽  
P. Prádanos ◽  
...  

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 242-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Mao ◽  
Guangyin Yuan ◽  
Jialin Niu ◽  
Yang Zong ◽  
Wenjiang Ding

2010 ◽  
Vol 518 (18) ◽  
pp. 5209-5218 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.F. da Conceicao ◽  
N. Scharnagl ◽  
C. Blawert ◽  
W. Dietzel ◽  
K.U. Kainer

2013 ◽  
Vol 458 ◽  
pp. 162-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazushi Iyatani ◽  
Yu Horiuchi ◽  
Shohei Fukumoto ◽  
Masato Takeuchi ◽  
Masakazu Anpo ◽  
...  

2006 ◽  
Vol 510-511 ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
Xiao Bing Zhao ◽  
Xuan Yong Liu ◽  
Chuan Xian Ding

TiO2 coatings on titanium alloy substrates were prepared by atmospheric plasma spraying using commercial nano-powders. Then, as-sprayed coatings were treated using 10% hydrofluoric acid (HF) at room temperature for 30 seconds. As-sprayed and HF-treated titania coatings were soaked in simulated body fluid to investigate the formation of apatite on their surface. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the surface morphologies, and the phase composition of the as-sprayed coating and apatite were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry. As-sprayed titania coating is composed of rutile, anatase, and a small quantity of Ti3O5. It exhibited excellent adhesion between the TiO2 coatings and titanium alloy substrates, and the bonding strength was about 38 MPa. After in vitro experiment, a new substance containing calcium and phosphate was formed on the surface of HF-treated TiO2 coatings after being soaked in SBF, while the new substance was not formed on the surface of as-sprayed TiO2 coatings. The results indicated that the bioactivity can be induced to the surface of plasma sprayed TiO2 coatings by hydrofluoric acid treatment.


Biomaterials ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 3266-3273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunfeng Li ◽  
Shujuan Zou ◽  
Dazhang Wang ◽  
Ge Feng ◽  
Chongyun Bao ◽  
...  

1991 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingerlise Nørgaard ◽  
Anne-Marie Rasmussen ◽  
Poul Schiøler ◽  
Svend Stouge

Abstract. INTRODUCTIONThe application of palynomorphs in well-site dating and correlation within the Upper Cretaceous—Danian Chalk Group of the North Sea, is currently being investigated at the Geological Survey of Denmark. Due to the relatively low abundance of palynomorphs in the chalks, a large sample size (100–300g) is often needed to obtain representative microfloras. Palynological preparation of large chalk samples does, however, create processing problems, especially if the samples derive from oil bearing intervals. The aim of this note is to describe a method developed at the Geological Survey of Denmark to overcome these processing problems.PROBLEMS IN THE PREPARATION OF LARGE CHALK SAMPLES.The problems during the preparation process comprise the following factors: The dissolution of carbonates from 100—300g sized chalk samples with hydrochloric acid causes a vigorous reaction that developes vast amounts of foam. The foam development is usually controlled by spraying alcohol or the more hazardous acetone into the reaction vessel; these solvents reduce the vigorous expansion of the foam by reducing the surface tension of the acid. This procedure, however, demands constant surveillance of the acid treatment, because the effect of the solvents is of short duration. Furthermore, the initial vigorous reaction restricts the use of stronger, more effective hydrofluoric acid concentrations to later parts of the acid treatment process, where the reaction is more calm. In the Danish sector of the North Sea, the main producing reservoir is situated in the Chalk Group. Core samples from the Chalk Group are therefore usually usually oil bearing . . .


2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (S1) ◽  
pp. 120-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ki Seo Kim ◽  
Je Hwang Ryu ◽  
Chang Seok Lee ◽  
Jin Jang ◽  
Kyu Chang Park

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