Examining if the relationship between BMI and incident type 2 diabetes among middle–older aged adults varies by race/ethnicity: evidence from the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)

Natural fruits and fruit juices are sources of many essential nutrients and provide nutritional value for human health. Fruit juices also contains antioxidants predominantly polyphenols, oligosaccharides, fiber and nitrate, which are very useful for human health may induce a prebiotic-like effect. Many research articles recently reported that consumption of large quantity of natural fruits and fruit juices containing glucose, sucrose and fructose which might counteract the health benefits. Commonly reported health risks are CVD (Cardiovascular diseases), obesity, Diabetes, Alzheimer’s, Cancer, and Liver Disease. Thus this article summarizes the effect of intake of natural sugars on nutrition and human health. The consumption of sugars and its relation to health issues are the subjects of considerable debate and controversy. Several prospective studies have been conducted to examine the relationship between fruit juice intake and risk of incident type 2 diabetes, but results have been mixed. In the present study, we aimed to estimate the association between fruit juice intake and risk of type 2 diabetes.

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Are Circulating Mg2+ Levels Associated with Glucose Tolerance Profiles and Incident Type 2 Diabetes?

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11102460 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 2460 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Spiga ◽

Mannino ◽

Mancuso ◽

Averta ◽

Paone ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Detrimental Effect ◽

Significant Negative Correlation ◽

Incident Type ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Incident Type 2 Diabetes ◽

The Relationship

Magnesium (Mg2+) is an enzyme co-factor that plays a key role in many biochemical reactions, as well as in glucose metabolism. Clinical evidences have demonstrated that depletion of serum Mg2+ increases exponentially with the duration of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Diabetes is associated with low Mg2+, and hypomagnesemia is associated with insulin resistance, inflammation, and increased risk for cardiovascular disease. In subjects at high risk of inflammation and insulin resistance, supplementation of Mg2+ alone ameliorates both phenotypes, slowing the development and progression of hepatic steatosis. We analyze the relationship between serum Mg2+ levels and the onset of T2DM in a large cohort of well-characterized adult white individuals participating in the CATAMERI study, who were reexamined after a mean follow-up of 5.6 ± 0.9 years. In our analysis we acquired a significant negative correlation between Mg2+ levels, fasting glucose, and 2h-post load glucose in subjects who underwent an OGTT. Moreover, Mg2+ levels correlated negatively with fasting insulin levels, and positively with the lipid profile. As for the detrimental effect of lower circulating Mg2+ levels, our data revealed a significant reduction of T2DM risk of about 20% for each 1 mg/dL increase of circulating Mg2+. The present results are consistent with the theory that Mg2+ supplementation could ameliorate insulin sensitivity reducing the risk to develop T2DM.

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Dietary Patterns and Risk of Incident Type 2 Diabetes in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)

Diabetes Care ◽

10.2337/dc08-0760 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 31 (9) ◽

pp. 1777-1782 ◽

Cited By ~ 129

Author(s):

J. A. Nettleton ◽

L. M. Steffen ◽

H. Ni ◽

K. Liu ◽

D. R. Jacobs

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Ethnic Study ◽

Incident Type ◽

Incident Type 2 Diabetes

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Abstract 37: Lipoprotein Subclasses and Incident Type 2 Diabetes in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.129.suppl_1.37 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Rachel H Mackey ◽

Samia Mora ◽

Alain G Bertoni ◽

Christina Wassel ◽

Mercedes Carnethon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Incident Diabetes ◽

Lipid Lowering ◽

Family History Of Diabetes ◽

Ethnic Study ◽

Incident Type ◽

Lipoprotein Subclasses ◽

Lipoprotein Particle ◽

Incident Type 2 Diabetes

Lipoprotein changes often precede incident type 2 diabetes and may be diabetogenic, but effects of lipid-lowering medications, ethnicity and sex on these associations are unclear. In the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, among 5636 men and women, ages 45-84, without baseline diabetes or CVD, 694 diabetes cases were identified during mean follow-up of 7.7 years. NMR spectroscopy was used to measure lipoprotein particle concentrations and size, including a calculated lipoprotein-related insulin resistance score (LP-IR), on baseline plasma. Analyses were stratified by baseline lipid-lowering medication (primarily statin) use, as “untreated” (n=4816) or “treated” (n=820), and by glucose <100 vs.100-125 mg/dl (impaired fasting glucose, IFG). Among treated and untreated participants, higher LP-IR, larger mean VLDL particle size, HOMA-IR and (log)insulin were associated with incident diabetes, adjusted for age, ethnicity and sex (HRs per SD >1.5, p<0.05). Associations of LP-IR and VLDL size with incident diabetes remained significant when additionally adjusted for HDL-C, (log) triglycerides, BMI, glucose, family history of diabetes, physical activity and alcohol use and among treated participants with IFG, and were similar by sex and race-ethnicity. In conclusion, lipoprotein particle measures, particularly LP-IR and VLDL size, were robustly associated with incident diabetes among both untreated and treated ethnically diverse adults.

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